新概念英语(第一册)复习(原文及全文翻译)——Lesson 111 - Lesson 130

Lesson 111 The most expensive model

【课文】

  MR.FRITH:I like this television very much. How much does it cost?

  ASSISTANT:It's the most expensive model in the shop. It costs five hundred pounds.

  MRS. FRITH:That's too expensive for us. We can't afford all that money.

  ASSISTANT:This model's less expensive than that one. It's only three hundred pounds. But, of course, it's not as good as the expensive one.

  MR. FRITH: I don't like this model. The other model's more expensive, but it's worth the money.

  MR. FRITH: Can we buy it on instalments?

  ASSISTANT:Of course. You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds, and then fourteen pounds a month for three years.

  MR. FRITH:Do you like it, dear?

  MRS. FRITH:I certainly do, but I don't like the price. You always want the best, but we can't afford it. Sometimes you think you're a millionaire!

  MR.FRITH:Millionaires don't buy things on instalments!

  【课文翻译】

  弗里斯先生:我非常喜欢这台电视机。请问它多少钱?

  店 员:这是店里最贵的型号。它的售价是500英镑。

  弗里斯夫人:这对我们来说是太贵了。我们花不起那么多钱。

  店 员:这种型号的比那种要便宜些。它只要300英镑。但是,它当然没有价钱高的那种好。

  弗里斯先生:我不喜欢这种型号。那一种型号价格是贵一些,但它值这么多钱。

  弗里斯先生:我们可以用分期付款的方式购买吗?

  店 员:当然可以。您可以先付30英镑定金,然后每月14镑,3年付清。

  弗里斯先生:你喜欢吗,亲爱的?

  弗里斯夫人:我当然喜欢, 但是我不喜欢这个价钱。你总是要买最好的,可我们买不起。有时候你认为自己是个百万富翁!

  弗里斯先生:百万富翁是不会分期付款买东西的!

  【生词】

  model n. 模型

  afford v. 付得起(钱)

  deposit n. 预付定金

  instalment n. 分期付款

  price n. 价格

  millionaire n. 百万富翁

  【知识点讲解】

  一. 单词拓展:

  1. model 课文中,是模型的意思。如飞机模型(model aeroplane),轮船模型(model ship)。那汽车模型应该怎么说呢?此外,model 除了模型的意思外,还可以表示模特。如走T台的模特 fashion model,平面模特 still model。那车模又应该怎么说?

  2 millionaire 百万富翁 millionaire是个合成词,有million(百万)+aire 组成。那亿万富翁怎么说呢?

  现在我们复习一下计数单位,在英语里,每三位数为一个计数单位。我们从小到大复习一遍,thousand (千),million(百万), billion(十亿),trillion (万亿)。给大家一个英语表达数字的小技巧:表达数字前,拿起笔,从个位数向高位数字作记号,每三位数字为一个单位。如 123,456,789,123 (one hundred twenty three billion, four hundred fifty-six million, seven hundred eighty-nine thousand, one hundred and twenty-three.) 给同学们一个数字:44455899707,想想用英语应该怎么说呢?

  3. A be as+adj+as B A跟B一样……

  这是一个比较中的等价句型:A跟B一样……例句:她跟我一样重。She is as heavy as me. 那我跟她一样重,应该怎么说?

  如果想表达A不如B时,我们只需要在这个结构中的be动词后面加上not。如她不如我重。She is not as heavy as me.

  那要是“我没有她重”。又应该怎么说?

  二 【口语学习】购物英语

  问价:How much does it cost ?(课文)

  How much is it?

  What's the price ?/Could you tell me its price?

  报价:It costs+价格 / It is +价格

  还价:It is too expensive/dear

  The price is a bit high .

  I'm afraid I cannot afford it. 恐怕买不起。afford 买得起,付得起钱

  Would you low it down? 能不能低一点?

  打折:give sb 百分数 discount 打折 如:打八折 give 20% discount 折扣额=1-百分数

  如:打七折,怎样?What about 30% discount?

  付款:1)现金付款 pay in cash 2) 刷卡 pay in credit

  3)分期付款 buy sth on instalment 4)支付定金 pay/put down a deposit

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150204/782129.html

Lesson 113 Small change

【课文】

 CONDUCTOR: Fares, please!

  MAN: Trafalgar Square, please.

  CONDUCTOR: I'm sorry, sir. I can't change a ten-pound note. Haven't you got any small change?

  MAN: I've got no small change, I am afraid.

  CONDUCTOR: I'll ask some of the passengers.

  CONDUCTOR: Have you any small change, sir?

  1st PASSENGER: I'm sorry. I've got none.

  2nd PASSENGER: I haven't got any either.

  CONDUCTOR: Can you change this ten-pound note, madam?

  3rd PASSENGER: I'm afraid I can't.

  4th PASSENGER: Neither can I.

  CONDUCTOR: I'm very sorry, sir. You must get off the bus. None of our passengers can change this note. They're all millionaires!

  TWO TRAMPS: Except us.

  1sth TRAMP: I've got some small change.

  2nd TRAMP: So have I.

  【课文翻译】

  售票员: 请买票!

  男 子: 请买一张到特拉法加广场的票。

  售票员: 对不起,我找不开10英镑的钞票。您没有零钱吗?

  男 子: 恐怕我没有零钱。

  售票员: 我来问问其他乘客。

  售票员: 先生,您有零钱吗?

  乘 客1: 对不起,我没有。

  乘 客2: 我也没有。

  售票员: 夫人,您能把这10英镑的钞票换开吗?

  乘 客3: 恐怕不能。

  乘 客4: 我也不能。

  售票员: 非常抱歉,先生。您必须下车。我们的乘客中没人能换开这张钞票。 他们都是百万富翁!

  二流浪汉:我们俩除外。

  流浪汉1: 我有零钱。

  流浪汉2: 我也有。

  【生词】

  conductor n. 售票员

  fare n. 车费, 车票

  change v. 兑换(钱)

  note n. 纸币

  passenger n. 乘客

  none pron. 没有任何东西

  neither adv. 也不

  get off 下车

  tramp n. 游浪汉

  except prep.除……外

  【知识点讲解】

  一. 单词拓展:

  1. conductor n. 售票员 这个词是有conduct这一动词演变过来,conduct,疏导,引导; conduct+or,疏导,引导的人。在公共交通上起着疏导,引导作用的人就成了售票员conductor。但conductor也有指挥家的意思。

  2 fare n. 车票,车费。同时,fare也可以作为形容词。fare adj.公平的。比如说,这不公平。It's not fare! = It is unfare. unfare, 不公平的。注意,fare强调的是车费,车票,但如果是别的费用,如学费,医药费,我们用fee 这个单词哦。小思考:请用英语表达:你的学费真贵。

  3 get off 下车 get on 上车 get on + 交通工具 如:get on the bus 上公车;get off the train 下火车。小思考:请在公车站下车。应该怎么说呢?

  4 except 除……之外,表示除了……外,别的都……,形成的是一种强烈的对比。比如说,All of them went home except me. 除了我,他们都回家了。(言外之意:我还留下) 对比一下:besides,除了……外,别的也……。他们两者之间,是同一类的关系。上一个例句,如果稍微改成 All of them went home besides me. 除了我,他们也都回家了。小思考:除了我,他们都有零钱。怎么说呢?

  5. neither,none的区别,neither,侧重于两者都不,none侧重于三者或以上都不。

  二 【口语学习】买票与找钱

  售票员:Fare, please. 请买票 Ticket, please. 检票了/查票了。

  乘客: 站名+please

  没零钱:I'm afraid I have got no small change. (small change, 零钱)

  I don't have any small change.

  找钱: Here's your change. 这是找你的(零钱)。

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150204/782130.html

Lesson 115 Knock, knock!

【课文】

  HELEN: Isn't there anyone at home?

  JIM: I'll knock again, Helen. Everything's very quiet. I'm sure there's no one at home.

  HELEN: But that's impossible. Carol and Tom invited us to lunch. Look through the window.

  HELEN: Can you see anything?

  JIM: Nothing at all.

  HELEN: Let's try the back door.

  JIM: Look! Everyone's in the garden.

  CAROL: Hello, Helen. Hello, Jim.

  TOM: Everybody wants to have lunch in the garden. It's nice and warm out here.

  CAROL: Come and have something to drink.

  JIM: Thanks, Carol. May I have a glass of beer please?

  CAROL: Beer? There's none left. You can have some lemonade.

  JIM: Lemonade!

  TOM: Don't believe her, Jim. She's only joking. Have some beer!

  【课文翻译】

  海 伦:家里没有人吗?

  吉 姆:海伦,我再敲一次。毫无动静,肯定家里没有人。

  海 伦:但这是不可能的。卡罗尔和汤姆请我们来吃午饭。从窗子往里看看。

  海 伦:你能看见什么吗?

  吉 姆:什么也看不见。

  海 伦:让我们到后门去试试。

  吉 姆:瞧!大家都在花园里。

  卡罗尔:你好,海伦。你好,吉姆。

  汤 姆:大家都想在花园里吃午饭。这外面挺暖和。

  卡罗尔:来喝点什么。

  汤 姆:谢谢,卡罗尔。给我一杯啤酒好吗?

  卡罗尔:啤酒?一点都不剩了。你可以喝点柠檬水。

  吉 姆:柠檬水!

  汤 姆:吉姆,别信她的。她只是在开玩笑。喝点啤酒吧!

  【生词】

  anyone pron.(用于疑问句,否定句)任何人

  knock v. 敲,打

  everything pron.一切事情

  quiet adj. 宁静的,安静的

  impossible adj. 不可能的

  invite v. 邀请

  anything pron.任何东西

  nothing pron.什么也没有

  lemonade n. 柠檬水

  joke v. 开玩笑

  【知识点讲解】

  (一)单词扩展

  1. knock v. 敲,打 knock at the door 敲门

  2. quiet adj. 平静的,安静的 quietly adv. 安静地

  3. impossible adj. 不可能的 反义词 possible adj. 可能的

  Adidas的广告语 Impossible is nothing “没有不可能”

  4. invite v.邀请 invite sb to lunch/dinner 请某人吃午饭/晚餐

  invitation n. 邀请

  5. joke v. 开玩笑 常用口语: Are you joking?你不是在开玩笑吧?

  (二)不定代词的用法

  本课中集中出现了较多的不定代词。所谓的不定代词就是由some,any, no, every与-one,-thing,-body组成的复合词,在句子中起代词的作用。但因为这些词,具体指代什么,并不清楚,所以就称为不定代词。

  规律:

  1. 这些不定代词做主语时,均视为单数。

  2. 一般来说,由any组成的不定代词,通常放在疑问句,否定句中。而由some组成的不定代词则放在肯定句中。但希望别人不要拒绝某种邀请时,可以用some来代替any组成的代词。Would you like some orange? 想来点橙汁吗? (言下之意:请你不要拒绝。)

  3. 由any,some,no,every组成的不定代词,还是保留了它们的含义。如:any(任何),anything,任何东西,anybody 任何人,anyone 任何人;some(某...) somebody/someone 某人, something,某事,以此类推,every(每...) no (没有...)

  (三)省略句的用法

  在113课时,我提到了省略句,并要求大家去找找这一课有多少个省略句。你找到了吗?

  今天我们具体来讲讲,省略句的用法:

  1. 省略句,就是别人在称述某种现象或观点时,你表示赞同,或你也有如此经历时,所用的一种表达。

  E.g. A:I like watching TV very much. B可能会说:I like watching TV very much, too.但更多的时候,我们不必要再把别人的话,原原本本地重复一遍。这是省略句就可以大展拳脚了。

  2. 省略句的用法:

  1)肯定句后的省略句。So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。肯定句中如果有be动词,确定好时态后,省略句用So+be动词+主语的结构;如果肯定句中没有be动词,就得借助助动词了。选择助动词的选择,取决于肯定句的时态。如果句子中有情态动词(can,could,may,must等),省略句的格式为so+情态动词+主语。

  例如:

  be动词:

  A:I am a student. (有be动词,一般现在时) B: So am I/So is my sister.

  A:I was 16 years old. (有be动词,一般过去时)B:So was I/So was my sister.

  助动词:

  A:I like watching TV very much.(一般现在时) B:So do I./So does my sister. (do, does,一般现在时的助动词,但要根据省略句的主语变化而变)

  A:I went to Beijing last summer.(一般过去时) B:So did I./So did my sister.

  情态动词:

  A:I can swim as fast as Liuxiang. B: So can I/so can my sister.(情态动词不需要做任何变化)

  2)否定句后的省略句。Neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。(具体be动词、助动词,情态动词的变化与肯定句后的省略句相同)

  A:I am not a student. B: Neither am I./Neither is my sister.

  A:I don't like watching TV very much. B: Neither do I./Neither does my sister.

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150204/782131.html

Lesson 117 Tommys breakfast

【课文】

 When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

  There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all.

  While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.

  He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!

  Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, my husband phoned me from the office.

  'How's Tommy?' he asked. 'I don't know,' I answered, 'Tommy's been to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven't had any change yet!'

  【课文翻译】

  今天早晨我丈夫走进饭厅时,把一些硬币掉在地上了。

  到处都是硬币。我们虽然找了,但没有把它们全部找到。

  正当我们吃早饭时,我们的小男孩汤米在地上找到两枚小硬币。

  他把这两枚硬币全都放进嘴里。我们俩都试图把这两枚硬币拿出来,但太迟了。汤米已经把硬币咽了下去!

  那天下午的晚些时候,当我正做家务时,我丈夫从办公室打来电话。

  “汤米怎么样?”他问。“我不知道”,我回答说,“今天上午汤米去了3次厕所了,但我还没看到硬币!”

  【生词】

  dinning room 饭厅

  coin n. 硬币

  mouth n. 嘴

  swallow v. 吞下

  later adv. 后来

  toilet n. 厕所,盥洗室

  【知识点讲解】

  1. 翻译句子:

  1) 听!谁在敲门呢?

  Listen! Who is knocking at the door?

  2) 他打算今晚请你吃晚饭。

  He is going to invite you to dinner.

  2. A: 我不能跟刘翔跑得一样快。B: 我也不能。

  A: I cannot run as fast as Liuxiang. B:Neither can I.

  A: Tom 很喜欢吃巧克力。B: 我妹妹也很喜欢吃。

  A: Tom likes eating chocolate very much. B: So does my sister.

  (一)单词扩展

  1)dinning room 饭厅 dine v. 吃饭,用餐 dinning room (a room for dining) 就餐的房间

  toilet 厕所,盥洗室

  现在我们用英语来描述一下我们的家:living room 客厅/起居室 bedroom 卧室 dining room 饭厅 garden 花园

kitchen 厨房 toilet厕所 balcony 阳台

  2)toilet n. 厕所,盥洗室

  厕所,你也许马上就把WC脱口而出。WC,是water closet(水箱)的缩写,但wc是一种很粗俗的表达方式(相当于中国乡村常在厕所中标“大便处”“小便处”,是英美等国一二百年前使用的,现在一般不用WC,而使用Toilet等较文雅的词。在美国,通常会成为Restroom 或者 Bathroom,有些地方也用 Washroom。

  3)mouth n. 嘴巴 现在说说人体的五官,从上到下,分别是,眉毛(eyebrows),眼睛(eyes),鼻子(nose),耳朵(ears),嘴巴(mouth)这五部分。同时,我们再来学一个俚语,big mouth 大嘴巴(说话管不紧,容易泄漏秘密)如:他说话嘴松。He has a big mouth.

  (二)语法讲解

  过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。

  1. 过去进行时由“助动词was/were + 现在分词”构成   例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。

  2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not +现在分词”构成。   例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。

  3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were + 主语+ 现在分词?”构成。   例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?

  (三)感受英语

  让我们来感受一下英语中的一语双关。

  通过学习,我们知道这篇小文章讲述的是,一对夫妇的小儿子误食硬币的家庭小事故。故事的结尾时丈夫打来电话问妻子,儿子怎样了?妻子回答是他今天去了三次厕所,但我现在还没有看到change。

  change n.零钱,改变。在这里,我们既可以理解为零钱(被吞食的硬币)也可以理解为“改变”(起色)。所以change一词,在文章中,是一语双关呢。

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150204/782132.html

Lesson 119 A true story

【课文】

  Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.

  While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen.

  After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch.

  Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them. "What's up? What's up?" someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.

  George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly.

  He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone. The thieves had already gone.

  But George's parrot, Henry, was still there. "What's up, George?" he called. 'Nothing, Henry,' George said and smiled. 'Go back to sleep.'

  【课文翻译】

  你喜欢听故事吗?我要告诉你一个真实的故事。这是一年前发生在我的一个朋友身上的故事。

  当我的朋友乔治在床上看书时,两个小偷爬进了他的厨房。

  他们进到屋里后,走进了饭厅。饭厅很暗,于是他们打开了手电筒。

  突然他们听到身后有声音。“什么事?什么事?”有人叫着。小偷扔下了手电筒,飞快地逃走了。

  乔治听到了响声,迅速地下了楼。

  他开了灯,但不见一个人。小偷逃走了。

  当时乔治的鹦鹉亨利仍在那里。“什么事,乔治?”它叫着。“没事,亨利。”乔治笑着说,“接着睡觉吧。”

  【生词】

  story n. 故事

  happen v. 发生

  thief n. 贼

  enter v. 进入

  dark adj. 黑暗的

  torch n. 手电筒

  voice n. (说话的)声音

  parrot n. 鹦鹉

  二【知识点讲解】

  (一)单词扩展

  1. happen to 发生 What happened to you? 你怎么了?(发生什么事了?)it happens/happened to +sb 这件事发生在...身上

  2. enter v. 进入= come in 留意一下你键盘上的回车键。 entrance n. 入口 exist n. 出口

  3. dark adj.黑暗的 反义词 bright 明亮的

  【谚语】the darkest hour is just before the dawn 黎明前的黑暗/黎明前最黑暗

  4. thief n. 贼 复数(thieves)

  复数变化规则:以-f或-ef结尾的名词,变复数时,把-f或-fe变成-v,再加es。如小刀knife,thief等

  5. voice n. 声音 对比noise n. 噪音

  6. torch n. 手电筒 torch除了手电筒的意思外,也有“火把,火炬”的意思,如奥运火炬 Olympic Torch.

  【谚语】carry a torch for +sb 单恋,单相思... 如: 我正单恋着那个美丽的女孩。I am carrying a torch for that pretty girl.

  (二)语法讲解(常用短语)

  1. 电器的使用:

  turn on 打开 turn on the TV/light/torch

  turn off 关掉 turn off the TV/light/torch

  turn up 开大声 turn up the radio/TV/MP4

  turn down 调小声 turn down the radio/TV/MP4

  2. 询问用语

  “发生什么事了?/怎么了?” 可以有以下几种表达:

  What's up?

  What happened to you?

  What's wrong with you?

  What's the matter?

  回答:Nothing./ Everything goes well. 一切正常。(或者是根据自身情况来回答)

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150204/782133.html

Lesson 121 The man in a hat

【课文】

  Customer: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me.

  Manager: Who served you, sir?

  Customer: The lady who is standing behind the counter.

  Manager: Which books did you buy?

  Customer: The books which are on the counter.

  Manager: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline? He says he's the man who bought these books.

  Caroline: I can't remember. The man whom I served was wearing a hat.

  Manager: Have you got a hat, sir?

  Customer: Yes, I have.

  Manager: Would you put it on, please?

  Customer: All right.

  Manager: Is this the man that you served, Caroline?

  Caroline: Yes. I recognize him now.

  【课文翻译】

  顾 客:半小时以前我在这里买了两本很贵的辞典,但是我忘了拿走。

  经 理:是谁接待您的,先生?

  顾 客:站在柜台后面的那位女士。

  经 理:您买的是两本什么书?

  顾 客:就是柜台上的那两本。

  经 理:卡罗琳,半小时前你接待过这位先生吗?他说他就是买这两本书的人。

  卡罗琳:我记不起来了。我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。

  经 理:先生,您有帽子吗?

  顾 客:有的,我有帽子。

  经 理:请您把帽子戴上好吗?

  顾 客:好吧。

  经 理:卡罗琳,这就是你接待过的那个人吗?

  卡罗琳:是他。我现在认出他来了。

  【生词】

  customer n. 顾客

  forget (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记

  manager n. 经理

  serve v. 照应,服务,接待

  counter n. 柜台

  recognize v. 认出

  二【知识点讲解】

  (一)单词扩展

  1. Customer 顾客 custom 风俗 customs 海关

  有顾客customer的地方,肯定就有shop assistant/waiter/waitress

  2. forget (forgot/ forgotten) forget to do 忘记要做… forget doing sth 忘记已经做过…

  大家感受一下这两个句子:

  ①I forget to send an email to him. (忘记要发邮件,邮件还没发)

  ②I forget sending an email to him.(忘记已经发过了,邮件已经发出了)

  3. recognize v. 认出,辨出 (外形/声音)

  recognition n. 认识,识别 【搭配】beyond/out of recognition 面目全非,完全改了模样

I recognized his voice. 我听出了他的声音。

(二)语法讲解【手把手教你玩转定语从句 (一)】

  【定语从句】

  1.什么是定语?

  定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,

  汉语中常用‘……的’来表示。如:一个漂亮的女孩中“女孩” girl 是一个名词,“漂亮的”beautiful就是用来修饰“女孩”的,所以“漂亮的”beautiful作为“女孩”glirl的定语。

  2.谁可以做定语?

  通过上面的分析,我们可以知道刚才的“beautiful”可以做定语,即形容词可以做定语,除了形容词,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。

  3. 定语应该放哪里?

  单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。a 16-year-old girl 前置定语

  短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。a girl who is 16-year-old 后置定语

  【拆分&重组定语从句】

  大家来看这个句子“她就是那个上次帮助你的女孩。”(Tips分析句子的时候,我们可以充分小学时学的缩句本领,提取句子的主干:她就是那个女孩。细枝末节的部分:上次帮助你的。)

  当把这个句子拆卸完毕后,我们用英语把这两个部分进行组装。①她就是那个女孩。She is the girl. ②女孩上次帮助过你。The girl helped you last time.

  然后我们认真观察着两个句子:①She is the girl.

  ②The girl helped you last time.

  这两个句子,是不是都存在着相同的部分?the girl 在两个句子中有出现。现在,我们把他们开始重装。She is the girl (the girl) helped you last time. 合并两个句子后,发现存在两个the girl, 重复出现的名词,就是我们定语中的“先行词”。

  因为有两个相同部分的名词,在组装时,我们就删除了一个。但根据守恒定律,删了一个,就得增添一个,为了保持句子平衡,我们增添在先行词后边的词,叫“引导词”。用引导词来引导后边的定语从句。所以在解释定语从句时,先行词=引导词

  【引导词的使用】

  引导词 that,which,who,whom

  1)定语从句中,如果先行词是物,用that,which来引导。

  This is the car that/which I bought yesterday.(先行词是car,物,所以用which/that来引导)

  2)定语从句中,如果先行词是人,用that,who来引导。

  She is the lady who/that wears a hat. (先行词是the lady, 人,所以用who/that来引导)

  3)省略规则:当先行词在定语从句中,作主语,引导词不能省略。如She is the lady that wears a hat.这个句子,the lady这个先行词在定语从句“____ wears a hat"中作主语。一旦把引导词省略,句子就不能成立。

  当先行词在定语从句中,做宾语,引导词可以省略。如This is the car that/which I bought yesterday.这个句子中,the car这个先行词在定语从句" which/that I bought yesterday"中作宾语。把引导词省略,句子依旧成立。

  总结:主语,是一个句子中非常重要的部分,任何句子,主语都是不可或缺的,所以当先行词在定语从句中充当主语时,引导词一定要保留,而充当宾语时,引导词可以省略。

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150205/782144.html

Lesson 123 A trip to Australia

【课文】

 MIKE: Look, Scott. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.

  SCOTT: Let me see it, Mike.

  SCOTT: This is a good photograph. Who are these people?

  MIKE: They're people I met during the trip.

  MIKE: That's the ship we travelled on.

  SCOTT: What a beautiful ship!

  SCOTT: Who's this?

  MIKE: That's the man I told you about.Remember?

  SCOTT: Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia.

  MIKE: That's right.

  SCOTT: Who's this?

  MIKE: Guess!

  SCOTT: It's not you, is it?

  MIKE: That's right.

  MIKE: I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home.

  SCOTT: Why did you shave it off?

  MIKE: My wife didn't like it!

  【课文翻译】

  迈 克:看,这是我到澳大利来旅行时拍的一张照片。

  斯科特:让我看看,迈克。

  斯科特:这是一张很好的照片。这些人是谁。

  迈 克:他们是我旅行时认识的人。

  迈 克:这是我们所乘的那条船。

  斯科特:多漂亮的船啊!

  斯科特:这是谁?

  迈 克:这就是我跟你说过的那个人。还记得吗?

  斯科特:啊,记得。就是在澳大利亚给你工作的那个人。

  迈 克:对。

  斯科特:这是谁?

  迈 克:你猜!

  斯科特:这不是你,对吗?

  迈 克:不,是我。

  迈 克:我在旅行时留了胡子,但我回到家时就把它刮了。

  斯科特:你为什么把它刮了?

  迈 克:我妻子不喜欢!

  【生词】

  during prep.在……期间

  trip n. 旅行

  travel v. 旅行

  offer v. 提供

  job n. 工作

  guess v. 猜

  grow (grew, grown) v. 长,让……生长

  beard n. (下巴上的)胡子,络腮胡子

二【知识点讲解】

  (一)单词扩展

  1. during prep. 在...期间 during+n. during the summer vacation 在暑假

  2. trip n. 旅行 trip to+地点 到...旅行 A trip to Japan 日本之旅 A round trip 来回票/往返旅行

  3. grow (grew grown) v. 成长,生长 growth n. 成长

  grow up 长大,变成熟/理智起来;mushroom growth 雨后春笋般地增长,迅速增长

  Lady Gaga's fans increased as quickly as mushroom growth. Lady Gaga的粉丝如雨后春笋般迅速增长。

  4. traval v. 旅行(常指长途旅行) travel around the world 周游世界 travel to+地点 到...旅行

  traval n. the travels of Marco Polo 《马可波罗游记》

  5. offer v.(主动)提供 May I offer you a drink? 我可以请你喝一杯吗?

  offer n. a job offer 一个工作机会 经常在毕业的时候,同学们都会互相询问:"Have you got the offer yet?" 找到工作没有?(有公司要你了吗?)

  6. beard n. 胡须(络腮胡子)mustache n.小胡子(八字胡)

  beard v.对抗,顶撞

  【谚语】beard the lion/lair in his den 老虎头上拔毛/太岁头上动土。

  7. job n.工作 work n./v. job只能做名词,而work既可以做动词,也可以做动词

  a part-time job 兼职; do a good job 干得好,干得漂亮

  失业: lose one's job/ out of work

  (二)语法讲解【手把手教你玩转定语从句 (二)】

  【定语从句】

  上一期,我们初步接触了定语从句,以及that,which, who等引导词的使用。

  1. 上期回顾:当先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,由that(物&人),which(物), who(人)等引导词来引导定语从句,先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略。如 she is the girl (that/who) I like. 但充当主语时,则不能省略,She is the girl that/who offered me a drink yesterday.(不能省略)

  2. 先行词的特殊用法:

  根据第1点,似乎that这个先行词是放之四海而皆准,确实,that还有着自己的优越性,在下面几种情况下,引导词只能用that,而不能用别的先行词:

  a. 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.

  b. 当先行词既指人又指物时。

  He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.

  c. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

  This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.

  d. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, any, every 等修饰时。

  This is one of the very book that I am looking for.

  e. 当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时。

  Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

  f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。

  Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

  (ps:表语就是放在be动词,或者是系动词(感官动词:see,smell,taste,touch,feel,sound等跟人的感官有关系的词,以及表示变化的词,如go,turn等)

  以上五种情况,只能由that作为引导词来引导定语从句。

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150205/782145.html

Lesson 125 Tea for two

【课文】

  SUSAN: Can't you come in and have tea now, Peter?

  PETER: Not yet. I must water the garden first.

  SUSAN: Do you have to water it now?

  PETER: I'm afraid I must. Look at it! It's terribly dry.

  SUSAN: What a nuisance!

  PETER: Last summer it was very dry, too. Don't you remember? I had to water it every day.

  SUSAN: Well, I'll have tea by myself.

  SUSAN: That was quick! Have you finished already?

  PETER: Yes. Look out of the window.

  SUSAN: It's raining! That means you don't need to water the garden.

  PERTR: That was a pleasant surprise. It means I can have tea, instead.

  【课文翻译】

  苏珊:彼得,你现在能进来喝茶吗?

  彼得:还不能。我得先给花园浇水。

  苏珊:你一定得现在浇吗?

  彼得:恐怕我得现在浇。你看看,干得厉害。

  苏珊:真讨厌!

  彼得:去年夏天也是干得很。你记得了吗?我不得不每天浇水。

  苏珊:好吧,我一个喝茶了。

  苏珊:好快啊!你已经浇完了?

  彼得:是的。你看看窗外。

  苏珊:下雨了,这就是就是说,你不必给花园浇水了。

  彼得:这是意想不能的好事。这意味着我反倒可以喝茶了。

  【生词】

  water v. 浇水

  terribly adv. 非常

  dry adj. 干燥的,干的

  nuisance n. 讨厌的东西或人

  mean (meant, meant) v. 意味着,意思是

surprise n. 惊奇,意外的事

二【知识点讲解】

  (一)单词扩展

  1. water v. 浇水 I went out to water my roses. 我出去给我的玫瑰浇水。

  v. 流口水 The delicious dishes you cooked made my mouth water. 你做的美味的菜让我流口水了。

  2. nuisance n. 讨厌的东西或人

  【口语】What a nuisance! 真讨厌!Commit no nuisance 此处不准大 小便/不得在此倒垃圾!

  3. terribly adv.非常,很 I feel terribly ill today. 今天我感觉很不舒服。

  terrible adj. 可怕的,糟糕的

  4. mean (meant meant) v. 意味着,意思是 What do you mean? 你的意思是?I mean we need to water the garden. 我想说是我们得给花园浇水了。

  mean adj. 吝啬的,小气的 His uncle is a mean guy. 他的叔叔是个小气鬼。

  5. dry adj. 干的,干燥的 a dry well 一口枯井 hair dryer/hair drier 吹风筒/干发器

  wet adj.湿的,湿润的

  dry v.擦干 dry one's eyes/tears 擦干眼泪

  6. surprise n.惊奇、意外的事 What a surprise! 真意外!

  surprise v. 使...惊奇 Your sudden coming surprised all of us. 你的突然到来让我们所有人都吃了一惊。

  (二)语法讲解【情态动词must, have to, need】

  1.must 必须(主观上觉得必须)I must study hard.(我得好好学习。这种感觉是自发的)

  have to 不得不,一定 (客观上觉得必须)I have to study hard. (我不得不好好学习。也许是父母 要求的)

  need to 需要... (客观上有这种需求)

  2.在问句中的使用

  -Must I arrive on time? -Yes, you must./ No,you needn't.

  -Do I have to arrive on time? -Yes, you have to./No, you don't have to.

  由must引导的疑问句,肯定回答时,用must,否定句则用needn't。

  句子中有"have to"的提问,肯定回答,用have to,否定回答用否定词+have to.

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150203/782115.html

Lesson 127 A famous actress

【课文】

  KATE: Can you recognize that woman, Liz?

  LIZ: I think I can, Kate. It must be Karen Marsh, the actress.

  KATE: I thought so. Who's that beside her?

  LIZ: That must be Conrad Reeves.

  KATE: Conrad Reeves, the actor? It can't be. Let me have another look. I think you're right! Isn't he her third husband?

  LIZ: No. He must be her fourth or fifth.

  KATE: Doesn't Karen Marsh look old!

  LIZ: She does, doesn't she! I read she's twenty-nine, but she must be at least forty.

  KATE: I'm sure she is.

  LIZ: She was a famous actress when I was still at school.

  KATE: That was a long time ago, wasn't it?

  LIZ: Not that long ago! I'm not more than twenty-nine myself.

  【课文翻译】

  凯特:莉兹,你能认出那个女人吗?

  莉兹:我想我认得出来,凯特。那一定是女演员卡.马会。

  凯特:我也这样想。她旁边的那个人是谁?

  莉兹:一定是康拉德.里弗斯。

  凯特:康拉德.里弗斯,那个男演员吗?不可能是。让我再看一看。我想你是对的。他不是她的第3个丈夫吗?

  莉兹:不,他一定是她的第4个或第5个丈夫。

  凯特:卡伦看上去不显老嘛!

  莉兹:是的,谁说不是呢!我从报上看到她是29岁,但她一定至少有40岁了。

  凯特:我肯定她有40岁了。

  莉兹:当我还是学生时,她就是个著名的演员了。

  凯特:那是好久以前的事了。是吗?

  莉兹:不,没有那么久。我自己现在还没29岁呢。

  【生词】

  famous adj. 著名的

  actress n. 女演员

  at least 至少

  actor n. 男演员

read (read, read) v. 通过阅读得知

二【知识点讲解】

  (一)单词扩展

  1)famous adj. 著名的,闻名的 (=well-known)

  搭配:be famous for+n. 因为...而著名

  be famous as+ n. 作为...而著名

  Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. 杭州因西湖而闻名。

  Shanghai is famous as a host city of World Expo 2010. 上海作为2010年世博会的主办城市而闻名。

  【谚语】famous for being famous 徒有虚名 This guy is famous for being famous. 这家伙徒有虚名。

  2)actor 男演员 actress 女演员 (-ress/ess词尾,如果跟在职业或职位后,则强调是女性)

  waiter 服务员 waitress 女服务员 prince 王子 princess 公主

  想一想,白马王子应该怎么说呢? (Prince charming 白马王子)

  3)at least 至少 at most 最多,至多

  You should call me back at least. 至少你得给我回一个电话。

  There are 12 men at most. 这儿最多就是12个男人。

  (二)语法讲解【反义疑问句】

  1. must, can't表猜测

  must,can't 都可以表示猜测。

  must 表示肯定的猜测,用于肯定句,表示“一定是..”,非常肯定的语气.(注意:表猜测时,must不能用语疑问句)

  can't 表示否定的猜测,用于否定句,或否定的回答,表示“不可能是...”

  A:This lady must be 40 years old.

  B:She can't be 40 years old. Look at her face, there's not any wrinkles at all.

  2. 反义疑问句

  反义疑问句,即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。

  反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。

  (注意:后一部分的简短疑问句,由“助动词+主语”构成。两部分的人称时态应保持一致。)

  1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否 They work hard, don’t they?

  2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯 They don't work hard, do they?

  反义疑问句的回答:

  1. 当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时,回答只需照情况即可。

  "It’s new, isn’t it?" “是新的,对吗?”

  "Yes, it is." “对,是新的。”

  "No, it isn't." "不,不是新的。”

  2. 当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:

  "It isn't new, is it?" “不是新的,对吗?”

  “Yes, it is." “不,是新的。”

  "No, it isn't." “是的,不是新的。”

  (tips:回答否定式的反意疑问句,yes跟肯定,No接否定的规则还是不变的。翻译回答部分的时候,只需要把翻译疑问句中省略的部分重现在回答中,就可以正确地翻译出来。)

  如:He doesn't love her, does he? 他不爱她,是吗?

  Yes,he does.=Yes, he does (love her) 在翻译的时候,不用去管yes,只需要翻译后部分,他爱她。所以整个回答就应该是,“不,他爱她。”

  No, he doesn't= No, he doesn't (love her) 翻译时,先后半部分,他不爱她。之后再结合句子来把yes跟no的具体含义,分析清楚。

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150205/782147.html

Lesson 129 Seventy miles an hour

【课文】

  ANN: Look, Gary! That policeman's waving to you. He wants you to stop.

  POLICEMAN: Where do you think you are? On a race track? You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour.

  GARY: I can't have been.

  POLICEMAN: I was doing eighty when I overtook you.

  POLICEMAN: Didn't you see the speed limit?

  GARY: I'm afraid I didn't, officer. I must have been dreaming.

  ANN: He wasn't dreaming, officer. I was telling him to drive slowly.

  GARY: That's why I didn't see the sign.

  POLICEMAN: Let me see your driving licence.

  POLICEMAN: I won't charge you this time. But you'd better not do it again!

  GARY: Thank you. I'll certainly be more careful.

  ANN: I told you to drive slowly, Gary.

  GARY: You always tell me to drive slowly, darling.

  ANN: Well, next time you'd better take my advice!

  【课文翻译】

  安:瞧,加里!那个警察正朝你挥手呢。他要你停下来。

  警察:你认为你现在是在哪儿?在赛车道上吗?你刚才一定是以每小时70英里的速度开车。

  加里:我不会开得那么快的。

  警察:我是以第小时80英里的速度赶上你的。

  警察:难道你没看见限速牌吗?

  加里:恐怕我没有看见,警官。我一定思想开小差了。

  安:警官,他思想没有开小差。我刚才正告诉他开慢点。

  安里:所以我才没看见那牌子。

  警察:让我看一看你的驾驶执照。

  警察:这次我就不罚你款了。但你最好不要再开得这样快。

  加里:谢谢您。我以后一定会多加注意。

  安:加里,我刚才叫你开慢点吧。

  加里:你总是叫我开慢点,亲爱的。

  安:好啦,下次你最好还是听从我的劝告!

  【生词】

  wave v. 招手

  track n. 跑道

  mile n. 英里

  overtake (overtook, overtaken) v. 从后面超越,超车

  speed limit 限速

  dream v. 做梦,思想不集中

  sign n. 标记,牌子

  driving licence 驾驶执照

  charge v. 罚款

darling n. 亲爱的(用作表示称呼)

二【知识点讲解】

  (一)单词扩展

  1. track n. 跑道 如:track and field 田径,田径赛

  小道,小径 a forest track 林中小径

  2. overtake 追上,赶上,超过 No one could overtake him. 没有人能超过他

  3. speed limit 限速

  speed n. 速度 Our speed averaged at 70 mph. 我们的平均速度时70英里每小时。

  (注意:mph=mile per hour 时速...英里,表示速度时,用介词at)

  speed v. 超速行驶 Was I really speeding, officer? 警官,我真的超速了吗?

  4. dream v. 做梦,思想不集中 dream a sweet dream 做了一个美梦

  【搭配】dream about + n 梦见... dream of + n 幻想...

  dream n. 梦 day dream 白日梦

  5. charge v. 罚款

  fine n. 罚款,罚金

  charge 索价,要价 How much will you charge? 你开价多少?

  6. wave v. 招手,挥手 wave to sb 向...招手

  【搭配】make waves 兴风作浪,引起麻烦

参考资料:

https://nce.koolearn.com/20150205/782148.html

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