Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know · GitHub
Latency Comparison Numbers (~2012)
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一级缓存 L1 cache reference 0.5 ns
分支预测失误 Branch mispredict 5 ns
二级缓存L2 cache reference 7 ns 14x L1 cache
Mutex lock/unlock 25 ns
主内存Main memory reference 100 ns 20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache
压缩 Compress 1K bytes with Zipp 3,000 ns 3 us
Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network 10,000 ns 10 us
Read 4K randomly from SSD* 150,000 ns 150 us ~1GB/sec SSD
Read 1 MB sequentially from memory 250,000 ns 250 us
Round trip within same datacenter 500,000 ns 500 us
Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD* 1,000,000 ns 1 ms ~1GB/sec SSD, 4X memory
Disk seek 10,000,000 ns 10,000 us 10 ms 20x datacenter roundtrip
Read 1 MB sequentially from disk 20,000,000 ns 20,000 us 20 ms 80x memory, 20X SSD
Send packet CA->Netherlands->CA 150,000,000 ns 150,000 us 150 ms
Notes
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1 ns = 10^-9 seconds
1 us = 10^-6 seconds = 1,000 ns
1 ms = 10^-3 seconds = 1,000 us = 1,000,000 ns
下面的有每年的数据
Numbers Every Programmer Should Know By YearNumbers Every Programmer Should Know By YearNumbers Every Programmer Should Know By Year
一级缓存 1ns
分支预测失败 3ns
二级缓存 4ns
Mutex lock/unlock 17ns
主内存 100ns
Zipp 压缩1k 2,000 ns
公共网络发2k 44ns (网络提升很大,不知数据有没问题,发收加起来的话呢)
内存连续读1m 数据 3,000ns
SSD 随机读 16,000ns