Unipus-writing exercise Expository_Text_06

静态图表+静态图表描述要点+开头段的写法

Q: The pie chart shows teh main reasons why agricultural land become lesss prooductive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the1990s.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main feaures and make comparisons where relevant.

首段

改写题目

The pie chart presents information about the causes of land degradation in the world and the table shows hoe three regions of the world were affected by this problem.

主体部分第一段（第一个图，先说最高的over-grazing,然后说其他值)

最高值

Over-grazing was the prmary cause of the world’s land degradation, with around 35% of land around th eworld degraded by this.

然后说一下其他值

Deforestation and over-cultivation were responsible for 30% and 28% of degradation respectively, while the reamaining 7% was attributed to other problems.

主体部分第二段（第二个图，先说Europe的总量最高，然后分开说其他的值，注意国家\地区的对比）

最高值23%，和其他两个地方相比

Europe had the largest proportion of unproductive land at 23%, nearly twice the figure for Oceania and more than four times the level of degradation in North America.

然后说一下deforestation里的9.8%

Deforestation was the principal reason for land degradation in Europe(9.8%) and the proportion of land degraded by this cause in other two areas were significantly lower.

描述over-cultivation

Over-cultivation was another problem inEurope, causing damage to 7.7% of land, compared with 3.3.% in North America.

描述Oceania

In contrast, over-grazing was severe in Oceania, reducing the productivity of 11.3% of land, but the levels of damage was lower in other two regions.

总结段

总结趋势和主要特征

Overall, over-grazing was the main problem worldwide in terms of land degradation. Europe had a higher proportion of degraded land than other two areas.

学习要点

静态图表一般是那些图表里一般只有一个时间，或者没有任何时间的图表。
其出现频率不如动态图表多，但普遍比后者要复杂和难写，因为静态图表没有上升和下降的趋势可描述，完全是对比。
只有一组对比对象的图表比较简单，直接对比数据，从高到低叙述就可以。
有两组对比对象的图表应参照下面的对比对象级别图。

第一对比组	国家/地区
第二对比组	男女/年龄段等
其他对比组	课程/能源等

开头段写法

图表作文的开头段主要是改写，只要是和题目的字眼不同，就是一个合格的开头段。
图表作文的开头段有四种改写方法：

1. 出现“提供信息”的字眼：The chart (or graph) provides (or presents) information(or data) about ······
2. 出现“show/illustrate+名词”：The chart shows the changes in······
3. 出现“how”引导的宾语从句：The chart(or graph) shows(or illustrates) how···changed (or varied)···
4. 出现“that”引导的宾语从句，可能将总体趋势粗略的描述一下：The chart (or graph) shows (or reveals/indicates/suggests)that···

开头段常犯错误：

1. 有些考生开头段写的很复杂，其实没有必要
2. 有些考生换错表达
3. 有些考生喜欢详述很多年代或国家的信息
4. chart和graph一般不用替换
5. show,compare,present这些词不用过去时。
6. 开头段不要照抄题目。