linux套接字编程

头文件：

#include <sys/types.h>		//定义数据类型
#include <sys/socket.h>		//提供套接字接口和数据结构
#include <netinet/in.h>		//定义数据结构sockaddr_in
#include <arpa/inet.h>		//提供ip地址转换函数</span>

服务器：

//套接字初始化， client_sock:输出参数，用于通信的客户端套接字，  prot:端口号，  ip_address:ip地址，默认为NULL表示接收任意网络的连接
//成功则返回true, 失败则返回false
bool server_sock_init(int * client_sock, int port, const char *ip_address)
{
	int server_sock_fd;
	struct sockaddr_in server_sock_address;
	int en = 1;
	//创建未命名套接字
	if((server_sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1){
		cout<<"failed to create server socket."<<endl;
		return false;
	}

	if (setsockopt(server_sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &en, sizeof (int)) == -1)
		cout<<"failed to set reused address."<<endl;

	server_sock_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
	if(ip_address == NULL)
		server_sock_address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;		//允许来自任何网络接口的链接
	else
		server_sock_address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip_address);
	server_sock_address.sin_port = htons (port);		//将主机字节序转化为网络字节序，保证端口号正确
	memset (&(server_sock_address.sin_zero), '\0', 8);	//填充无意义的字节

	//命名套接字
	if (bind(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_sock_address, sizeof (struct sockaddr)) == -1){
		cout<<"failed to bind server socket."<<endl;
		return false;
	}

	//创建监听队列
	if (listen (server_sock_fd, 5) == -1){
		cout<<"failed to listen server socket."<<endl;
		return false;
	}

	//等待一个客户端连接
	struct sockaddr_in client_address;
	socklen_t client_length = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	cout<<"waiting connect..."<<endl;
	if((*client_sock = accept(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_address, &client_length)) == -1){
		cout<<"failed to accept a connect."<<endl;
		return false;
	}
	cout<<"connected from "<<inet_ntoa(client_address.sin_addr)<<endl;
	return true;
}

客户端：

//server_sock->输出参数，用于网络通信的文件描述符
//port->端口号
//ip_address->ip地址
bool client_sock_init(int *server_sock, int prot, const char * ip_address)
{
	int len;
	struct sockaddr_in server_address;
	if((*server_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1){
		cout<<"failed to create server socket."<<endl;
		return false;
	}

	server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip_address);
	server_address.sin_port = htons(prot);
	len = sizeof(server_address);

	if(connect(*server_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_address, len) == -1){
		cout<<"failed to connect server"<<endl;
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

读写套接字封装：

//发送数据， 成功则返回未发送完的字节数， 失败则返回-1
int write_sock(int sock_fd, char *buf, int length)
{
	int byte_send;
	if((byte_send = write(sock_fd, buf, length)) == -1){
		cout<<"error in write sock."<<endl;
		return -1;
	}
	else
		return length - byte_send;
}

//接收数据， 返回未接收到的字节数
int read_sock (int sock_fd, char *buf, int length)
{
	int byte_read = -1;
	char *ptbuf =buf;
	int mlength = length;
	int count = 0;
	do
	{
		byte_read = read (sock_fd, ptbuf,mlength);
		if (byte_read > 0)
		{
			ptbuf = ptbuf+byte_read;
			mlength = mlength-byte_read;
		}
		else
			return -1;
		count++;
		if(count > 10000)
			return -1;
	}while(mlength > 0);
	return mlength;
}

写好这些函数后，在服务器端，只需要定义一个一个客户端套接字int client_sock; 再用它作为输出参数调用server_sock_init()函数就可以初始化套接字，在server_sock_init()函数中会等待客户端连接。 在客户端程序中，只需要定义一个服务器套接字int server_sock; 在用它作为输出参数调用client_sock_init()函数就可以初始化套接字并连接服务器。如果连接成功，双方就可以使用write_sock()和read_sock()进行通信了。