比较好一些的面向对象（C++）编程试题

题目来源于杭电面向对象（C++）期末考试

1．编写程序：定义抽象基类Shape，由它派生出五个派生类：Circle（圆形）、Square（正方形）、Rectangle（ 长方形）、Trapezoid （梯形）和Triangle （三角形），用虚函数分别计算各种图形的面积，并求出它们的和。要求用基类指针数组。使它的每一个元素指向一个派生类的对象。 

注：主函数中定义如下对象

Circlecircle(12.6);                                           

 Square square(3.5);                

Rectanglerectangle(4.5,8.4);  

Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2);   

Triangletriangle(4.5,8.4);   

解答：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape //基类
{public:
     virtual double area() const =0;                               
};

class Circle:public Shape //派生类：圆
{public:
    Circle(double r):radius(r){}                                     
    virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};  
 protected:
    double radius;                                                 
};
class Square:public Shape//派生类：正方形
{public:
    Square(double s):side(s){}                                         
    virtual double area() const {return side*side;}               
 protected:
    double side;
};

class Rectangle:public Shape  //派生类：矩形
{public:
    Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}             
    virtual double area() const {return width*height;}              
 protected:
    double width,height;                                           
};

class Trapezoid:public Shape  //派生类：梯形
{public:
    Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottom(t),height(h){}
    virtual double area() const {return 0.5*(top+bottom)*height;}      
 protected:
    double top,bottom,height;                                          
};

class Triangle:public Shape //派生类：三角形
{public:
    Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}               
    virtual double area() const {return 0.5*width*height;}          
 protected:
    double width,height;                                            
};

int main()
{
    Circle circle(12.6);                                            
    Square square(3.5);                 
    Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);   
    Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2);    
    Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4);                                      
    Shape *pt[5]={&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&triangle};  
    double areas=0.0;   
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
    { areas=areas+pt[i]->area();}
    cout<<"totol of all areas="<<areas<<endl;  
    return 0;
}

抽象基类：类中必须有一个纯虚成员函数。

定义方法：virtual void m()=0;