Python学习——函数

函数

思维导图

代码

main.py

# 定义函数
# def greet_user():
#     # 文档字符串
#     """"显示简单的问候语"""
#     print("Hello!")
# greet_user()
# 向函数传递信息
# def greet_user(username):
#     """显示简单的问候语"""
#     print("Hello, " + username.title() + "!")
# greet_user('jesse')
# 位置实参 顺序很重要
# def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
#     """显示宠物的信息"""
#     print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
#     print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")
# describe_pet('hamster', 'harry')
# describe_pet('dog', 'willie')
# 关键字实参
# def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
#     """显示宠物的信息"""
#     print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
#     print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")
# describe_pet(pet_name= 'harry', animal_type= 'hamster')
# 默认值 默认的必须在后面
# def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog'):
#     """显示宠物的信息"""
#     print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
#     print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")
#  describe_pet(pet_name='willie')
# 忽略形参的默认值
#  describe_pet(pet_name='harry', animal_type='hamster')
# 等效的函数混用
# 一条名为Willie的小狗
# describe_pet('willie')
# describe_pet(pet_name='willie')
# # 一只名为Harry的仓鼠
# describe_pet('harry', 'hamster')
# describe_pet(pet_name='harry', animal_type='hamster')
# describe_pet(animal_type='hamster', pet_name='harry')
# 避免实参错误
# def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
#     """显示宠物的信息"""
#     print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
#     print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")
# describe_pet()
# 返回值
# def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name):
#     """返回整洁的姓名"""
#     full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
#     return full_name.title()
# # 用一个变量来保存
# musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendrix')
# print(musician)
# 让实参变为可选的 加入判断语句 把可选的设为字符串变量，并把它移到末尾
# def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name=''):
#     """返回整洁的姓名"""
#     if middle_name:
#         full_name = first_name + ' ' + middle_name + ' ' +last_name
#     else:
#         full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
#     return full_name.title()
# musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendeix')
# print(musician)
# musician = get_formatted_name('john', 'lee', 'hooker')
# print(musician)
# 返回字典
# def build_person(first_name, last_name, age = ''):
#     """返回一个字典，其中包含有关一个人的信息"""
#     # person是字典类型
#     person = {'first': first_name, 'last': last_name}
#     if age:
#         person['age'] = age
#     return  person
# musician = build_person('jimi', 'hendrix', age=27)
# print(musician)
# 结合使用函数和while循环
# def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name):
#     """返回整洁的姓名"""
#     full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
#     return full_name.title()
# # 这是一个无限循环
# while True:
#     print("\nPlease tell me your name:")
#     print("(enter 'q' at any time to quit)")
#     f_name = input("First name: ")
#     if f_name == 'q':
#         break
#     l_name = input("Last name: ")
#     if l_name == 'q':
#         break
#     formatted_name = get_formatted_name(f_name, l_name)
#     print("\nHello, " + formatted_name + "!")
# 传递列表
# def greet_users(names):
#     """向列表中的每位用户都发出简单问候"""
#     for name in names:
#         msg = "Hello, " + name.title() + "!"
#         print(msg)
# usernames = ['hannah', 'ty', 'margot']
# greet_users(usernames)
# 在函数中修改列表
# 首先创建一个列表，其中包含一些要打印的设计
# unprinted_designs = ['iphone case', 'robot pendant', 'dodecahedron']
# completed_models = []
# # 模拟打印每个设计，直到没有未打印的设计为止
# # 打印每个设计后，都将其移到列表completed_models中
# while unprinted_designs:
#     current_design = unprinted_designs.pop()
#     # 模拟根据设计制作3D打印模型的过程
#     print("Printing model: " + current_design)
#     completed_models.append(current_design)
# # 显示打印好的模型
# print("\nThe following models have been printed:")
# for completed_model in completed_models:
#     print(completed_model)
# def print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models):
#     """
#      模拟打印每个设计，直到没有未打印的设计为止
#      打印每个设计后，都将其移到列表completed_models中
#     """
#     while unprinted_designs:
#         current_design = unprinted_designs.pop()
#         # 模拟根据设计制作3D打印模型的过程
#         print("Printing model: " + current_design)
#         completed_models.append(current_design)
# def show_completed(completed_models):
#     """显示打印好的模型"""
#     print("\nThe following models have been printed:")
#     for completed_model in completed_models:
#         print(completed_model)
# unprinted_designs = ['iphone case', 'robot pendant', 'dodecahedron']
# completed_models = []
# print_models(unprinted_designs[:], completed_models)
# print(unprinted_designs)
# show_completed(completed_models)
# 禁止函数修改列表 将列表的副本传递给函数，如上
# 传递任意数量的实参
# *toopings 让Python创建一个名为toopings的空元组
# def make_pizza(*toopings):
#     """概述要制作的比萨"""
#     print("\nMaking a pizza with the following toppings:")
#     for tooping in toopings:
#         print("- " + tooping)
# make_pizza('pepperoni')
# make_pizza('mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
# 结合使用位置实参和任意数量实参
# 任意数量实参必须放在后面
# def make_pizza(size, *toopings):
#     """概述要制作的比萨"""
#     print("\nMaking a " + str(size) + "-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
#     for tooping in toopings:
#         print("- " + tooping)
# make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
# make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
# 使用任意数量的关键字实参
# **user_info 让Python创建一个名为user_info的空字典
# def build_profile(first, last, **user_info):
#     """创建一个字典，其中包含我们知道的有关用户的一切"""
#     profile = {}
#     profile['first_name'] = first
#     profile['last_name'] = last
#     for Key, Value in user_info.items():
#         # user_info字典里面的内容移到profile里 扩展字典语句
#         profile[Key] = Value
#     return profile
#
#
# user_profile = build_profile('albert', 'einstein', location='princeton', field='physics')
# print(user_profile)
# 导入整个模块
def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
    """概述要制作的比萨"""
    print("\nMaking a " + str(size) + "-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
    for topping in toppings:
        print("- " + topping)

making_pizza.py

# 导入整个模块
# import main
# main.make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
# main.make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
# 导入模块中特定的函数
# from main import  make_pizza
# make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
# make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
# 使用as给函数指定别名
# from main import  make_pizza as mp
# mp(16, 'pepperoni')
# mp(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
# 使用as给模块指定别名
# import main as p
# p.make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
# p.make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
# 导入模块中所有函数
from main import *
make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')
make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')