POJ3280 Cheapest Palindrome （区间dp）

Cheapest Palindrome

Time Limit: 2000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 10629		Accepted: 5094

Description

Keeping track of all the cows can be a tricky task so Farmer John has installed a system to automate it. He has installed on each cow an electronic ID tag that the system will read as the cows pass by a scanner. Each ID tag's contents are currently a single string with length M (1 ≤ M ≤ 2,000) characters drawn from an alphabet of N (1 ≤ N ≤ 26) different symbols (namely, the lower-case roman alphabet).

Cows, being the mischievous creatures they are, sometimes try to spoof the system by walking backwards. While a cow whose ID is "abcba" would read the same no matter which direction the she walks, a cow with the ID "abcb" can potentially register as two different IDs ("abcb" and "bcba").

FJ would like to change the cows's ID tags so they read the same no matter which direction the cow walks by. For example, "abcb" can be changed by adding "a" at the end to form "abcba" so that the ID is palindromic (reads the same forwards and backwards). Some other ways to change the ID to be palindromic are include adding the three letters "bcb" to the begining to yield the ID "bcbabcb" or removing the letter "a" to yield the ID "bcb". One can add or remove characters at any location in the string yielding a string longer or shorter than the original string.

Unfortunately as the ID tags are electronic, each character insertion or deletion has a cost (0 ≤ cost ≤ 10,000) which varies depending on exactly which character value to be added or deleted. Given the content of a cow's ID tag and the cost of inserting or deleting each of the alphabet's characters, find the minimum cost to change the ID tag so it satisfies FJ's requirements. An empty ID tag is considered to satisfy the requirements of reading the same forward and backward. Only letters with associated costs can be added to a string.

Input

Line 1: Two space-separated integers:  N and  M 
Line 2: This line contains exactly  M characters which constitute the initial ID string 
Lines 3.. N+2: Each line contains three space-separated entities: a character of the input alphabet and two integers which are respectively the cost of adding and deleting that character.

Output

Line 1: A single line with a single integer that is the minimum cost to change the given name tag.

Sample Input

3 4
abcb
a 1000 1100
b 350 700
c 200 800

Sample Output

900

Hint

If we insert an "a" on the end to get "abcba", the cost would be 1000. If we delete the "a" on the beginning to get "bcb", the cost would be 1100. If we insert "bcb" at the begining of the string, the cost would be 350 + 200 + 350 = 900, which is the minimum.

Source

USACO 2007 Open Gold

题意：有一个长度为m的字符串，每删除或者增加一个字符就会产生相应的费用，求把字符串组成一个回文串的最小费用。

思路：dp[i][j]表示把区间i到区间j组成回文字符串的最小花费，则分为以下三种情况：

①：str[i] == str[j]， 则dp[i][j] = dp[i+1][j-1]（因为首尾字符相等，所以区间i到区间j所要产生的花费就等价区间i+1到区间j-1的最小花费）

②：dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j],dp[i+1][j] + min(add[i],del[i]))，有两种操作，一个是在第j+1为添加str[i]使之构成回文字符串，二是删除第i个元素使之构成回文串。

③：dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j],dp[i][j-1] + min(add[j],del[j]))，也有两种操作，一是在第i-1个位置上添加str[j]，二是删除第j个元素。

AC代码如下：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 2010;
int n,m,cost[maxn],a,b;
int dp[maxn][maxn];
char str[maxn],s[5];

int main(){
	while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)){
		scanf("%s",str);
		for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
			scanf("%s%d%d",s,&a,&b);
			cost[s[0] - 'a'] = min(a,b);
		}
		int len = strlen(str);
		memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
		for(int k = 1; k < len; k ++){
			for(int i = 0, j = k; j < len; j ++, i ++){
				dp[i][j] = inf;
				if(str[i] == str[j]) dp[i][j] = dp[i+1][j-1];
				else{
					dp[i][j] = min(dp[i+1][j]+cost[str[i] - 'a'],dp[i][j]);
					dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j-1]+cost[str[j] - 'a'],dp[i][j]);
				}
			}
		}
		printf("%d\n",dp[0][len-1]);
	}
	return 0;
}