这里先提供两个个MBR的例程,分别是是《30天自制操作系统》的MBR程序和Linux的0.11版本的MBR程序。
一、自制MBR
CYLS EQU 10
ORG 0x7c00 ; 程序装载的地址
; 以下是FAT12格式软盘的专用代码
JMP entry
DB 0x90
DB "HARIBOTE" ; 启动区的名称可以是任意字符串(8字节)
DW 512 ; 每个扇区的大小(必须是512字节)
DB 1 ; 簇的大小(必须是一个扇区)
DW 1 ; FAT的起始位置(一般从第一个扇区开始)
DB 2 ; FAT的个数(必须是2)
DW 224 ; 根目录的大小(一般设成224项)
DW 2880 ; 该磁盘的大小(必须是2880扇区)
DB 0xf0 ; 磁盘的种类(必须是0xf0)
DW 9 ; FAT的长度(必须是9扇区)
DW 18 ; 1个磁道有几个扇区(必须是18)
DW 2 ; 磁头数(必须是2)
DD 0 ; 不使用分区,必须是0
DD 2880 ; 重写一次磁盘大小
DB 0,0,0x29 ; 意义不明,固定
DD 0xffffffff ; (可能是)卷标号码
DB "HARIBOTEOS " ; 磁盘的名称(11字节)
DB "FAT12 " ; 磁盘的格式(8字节)
RESB 18 ; 先空出18字节
; 程序核心
entry:
MOV AX,0 ; 初始化寄存器
MOV SS,AX
MOV SP,0x7c00
MOV DS,AX ;DS寄存器,初始化为0
;
MOV AX,0x0820
MOV ES,AX
MOV CH,0 ; 柱面号0
MOV DH,0 ; 磁头号0
MOV CL,2 ; 扇区号2
readloop:
MOV SI,0 ;记录失败次数的寄存器
retry:
MOV AH,0x02 ; AH=0x02:读盘
MOV AL,1 ; 1个扇区
MOV BX,0
MOV DL,0x00 ; A驱动器
INT 0x13 ; 调用磁盘BIOS
JNC next ; 没有出错的话就跳转到next
ADD SI,1
CMP SI,5 ; 比较SI和5
JAE error ;SI>=5时,跳转
MOV AH,0x00 ;以下3行是“系统复位”,功能是复位软盘状态,再读一次
MOV DL,0x00 ; A驱动器
INT 0x13 ; 重置驱动器
JMP retry
next:
MOV AX,ES ;将内存地址后移0x200
ADD AX,0x0020
MOV ES,AX
ADD CL,1
CMP CL,18
JBE readloop ; CL<=18,跳转
MOV CL,1
ADD DH,1
CMP DH,2
JB readloop
MOV DH,0
ADD CH,1
CMP CH,CYLS
JB readloop
; 撉傒廔傢偭偨偗偳偲傝偁偊偢傗傞偙偲側偄偺偱怮傞
MOV [0x0ff0],CH ; IPLがどこまで読んだのかをメモ
JMP 0xc200
error:
MOV SI,msg
putloop:
MOV AL,[SI]
ADD SI,1
CMP AL,0
JE fin
MOV AH,0x0e ; 显示1个文字
MOV BX,15 ; 指定字符颜色
INT 0x10 ; 调用显卡BIOS
JMP putloop
fin:
HLT ;
JMP fin ; 无限循环
msg:
DB 0x0a, 0x0a ; 换行2次
DB "load error"
DB 0x0a ; 换行
DB 0
RESB 0x7dfe-$ ; 0x7dfe傑偱傪0x00偱杽傔傞柦椷
DB 0x55, 0xaa ;
二、Linux的bootsec
;!
;! SYS_SIZE is the number of clicks (16 bytes) to be loaded.
;! 0x3000 is 0x30000 bytes = 196kB, more than enough for current
;! versions of linux
;!
SYSSIZE = 0x3000
;!
;! bootsect.s (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds
;!
;! bootsect.s is loaded at 0x7c00 by the bios-startup routines, and moves
;! iself out of the way to address 0x90000, and jumps there.
;!
;! It then loads 'setup' directly after itself (0x90200), and the system
;! at 0x10000, using BIOS interrupts.
;!
;! NOTE! currently system is at most 8*65536 bytes long. This should be no
;! problem, even in the future. I want to keep it simple. This 512 kB
;! kernel size should be enough, especially as this doesn't contain the
;! buffer cache as in minix
;!
;! The loader has been made as simple as possible, and continuos
;! read errors will result in a unbreakable loop. Reboot by hand. It
;! loads pretty fast by getting whole sectors at a time whenever possible.
.globl begtext, begdata, begbss, endtext, enddata, endbss
.text
begtext:
.data
begdata:
.bss ;!
begbss:
.text
SETUPLEN = 4 ;! nr of setup-sectors
BOOTSEG = 0x07c0 ;! original address of boot-sector
INITSEG = 0x9000 ;! we move boot here - out of the way
SETUPSEG = 0x9020 ;! setup starts here
SYSSEG = 0x1000 ;! system loaded at 0x10000 (65536).
ENDSEG = SYSSEG + SYSSIZE ;! where to stop loading
;! ROOT_DEV: 0x000 - same type of floppy as boot.
;! 0x301 - first partition on first drive etc
ROOT_DEV = 0x306
entry start
start:
mov ax,#BOOTSEG
mov ds,ax
mov ax,#INITSEG
mov es,ax
mov cx,#256
sub si,si
sub di,di
rep
movw
jmpi go,INITSEG
go: mov ax,cs
mov ds,ax
mov es,ax
;! put stack at 0x9ff00.
mov ss,ax
mov sp,#0xFF00 ;! arbitrary value >>512
;! load the setup-sectors directly after the bootblock.
;! Note that 'es' is already set up.
load_setup:
mov dx,#0x0000 ;! drive 0, head 0
mov cx,#0x0002 ;! sector 2, track 0
mov bx,#0x0200 ;! address = 512, in INITSEG
mov ax,#0x0200+SETUPLEN ;! service 2, nr of sectors
int 0x13 ;! read it
jnc ok_load_setup ;! ok - continue
mov dx,#0x0000
mov ax,#0x0000 ;! reset the diskette
int 0x13
j load_setup
ok_load_setup:
;! Get disk drive parameters, specifically nr of sectors/track
mov dl,#0x00
mov ax,#0x0800 ;! AH=8 is get drive parameters
int 0x13
mov ch,#0x00
seg cs
mov sectors,cx
mov ax,#INITSEG
mov es,ax
;! Print some inane message
mov ah,#0x03 ;! read cursor pos
xor bh,bh
int 0x10
mov cx,#24
mov bx,#0x0007 ;! page 0, attribute 7 (normal)
mov bp,#msg1
mov ax,#0x1301 ;! write string, move cursor
int 0x10
;! ok, we've written the message, now
;! we want to load the system (at 0x10000)
mov ax,#SYSSEG
mov es,ax ;! segment of 0x010000
call read_it
call kill_motor
;! After that we check which root-device to use. If the device is
;! defined (!= 0), nothing is done and the given device is used.
;! Otherwise, either /dev/PS0 (2,28) or /dev/at0 (2,8), depending
;! on the number of sectors that the BIOS reports currently.
seg cs
mov ax,root_dev
cmp ax,#0
jne root_defined
seg cs
mov bx,sectors
mov ax,#0x0208 ;! /dev/ps0 - 1.2Mb
cmp bx,#15
je root_defined
mov ax,#0x021c ;! /dev/PS0 - 1.44Mb
cmp bx,#18
je root_defined
undef_root:
jmp undef_root
root_defined:
seg cs
mov root_dev,ax
;! after that (everyting loaded), we jump to
;! the setup-routine loaded directly after
;! the bootblock:
jmpi 0,SETUPSEG
;! This routine loads the system at address 0x10000, making sure
;! no 64kB boundaries are crossed. We try to load it as fast as
;! possible, loading whole tracks whenever we can.
;!
;! in: es - starting address segment (normally 0x1000)
;!
sread: .word 1+SETUPLEN ;! sectors read of current track
head: .word 0 ;! current head
track: .word 0 ;! current track
read_it:
mov ax,es
test ax,#0x0fff
die: jne die ;! es must be at 64kB boundary
xor bx,bx ;! bx is starting address within segment
rp_read:
mov ax,es
cmp ax,#ENDSEG ;! have we loaded all yet?
jb ok1_read
ret
ok1_read:
seg cs
mov ax,sectors
sub ax,sread
mov cx,ax
shl cx,#9
add cx,bx
jnc ok2_read
je ok2_read
xor ax,ax
sub ax,bx
shr ax,#9
ok2_read:
call read_track
mov cx,ax
add ax,sread
seg cs
cmp ax,sectors
jne ok3_read
mov ax,#1
sub ax,head
jne ok4_read
inc track
ok4_read:
mov head,ax
xor ax,ax
ok3_read:
mov sread,ax
shl cx,#9
add bx,cx
jnc rp_read
mov ax,es
add ax,#0x1000
mov es,ax
xor bx,bx
jmp rp_read
read_track:
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
mov dx,track
mov cx,sread
inc cx
mov ch,dl
mov dx,head
mov dh,dl
mov dl,#0
and dx,#0x0100
mov ah,#2
int 0x13
jc bad_rt
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax
ret
bad_rt: mov ax,#0
mov dx,#0
int 0x13
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax
jmp read_track
;/*
;* This procedure turns off the floppy drive motor, so
;* that we enter the kernel in a known state, and
;* don't have to worry about it later.
;*/
kill_motor:
push dx
mov dx,#0x3f2
mov al,#0
outb
pop dx
ret
sectors:
.word 0
msg1:
.byte 13,10
.ascii "Loading system ..."
.byte 13,10,13,10
.org 508
root_dev:
.word ROOT_DEV
boot_flag:
.word 0xAA55
.text
endtext:
.data
enddata:
.bss
endbss:
第一个比较简单,功能不够全,但是可以使用。