stm32 hard fault及堆栈探究

hard fault

在调试RTC过程中，程序在主循环中执行两次后就进入hard fault的while(1)中断，keil显示调试窗口显示imprecise data bus error。完善RTC配置的时序也无济于事。网上查到一些hard fault的资料：

<STM32F10xxx Cortex-M3 programming manual>2.3.2对hard fault, bus fault等有具体的解释。keil的网站上http://www.keil.com/appnotes/files/apnt209.pdf也有概括性的解释：hard fault由bus fault, memory management fault或usage fault引起，前者有固定的仅次于NMI的高优先级；调试过程中出现的bus error属于bus fault，是取指或取值时的内存错误。ST论坛上对于hard fault的讨论，大牛们说:

是由于读写了一个非法位置，

“100% of the hard faults I've had are caused by variables accessing out of bounds. ”，

"The Cortex-M3 pushes fault context on to the stack (some 8 dwords as I recall), I think Joseph Yiu has some example of instrumenting this. This could should permit you to determine the faulting PC. With this and the register info, and a map file you should be able to zero in on what is going on.

                MRS     R0, PSP         ; Read PSP
                LDR     R1, [R0, #24]    ; Read Saved PC from Stack" 能看到出错的PC值倒是一个很方便的事情，不过还没试过。

还有若干链接，未及一一详看，先备着：https://my.st.com/public/STe2ecommunities/mcu/Lists/ARM%20CortexM3%20STM32/Flat.aspx?RootFolder=https%3a%2f%2fmy%2est%2ecom%2fpublic%2fSTe2ecommunities%2fmcu%2fLists%2fARM%20CortexM3%20STM32%2fHard%20Fault%20error&FolderCTID=0x01200200770978C69A1141439FE559EB459D758000626BE2B829C32145B9EB5739142DC17E&currentviews=1147，http