《Head First Design Patterns》笔记十四：复合模式（Compound Pattern）

 

概述

    设计模式，GOF给出23个模式，《Head First Design Patterns》主要描述了其中的13个模式。我们一般应用软件，很少有只用1中模式的，往往都是几个模式一起用。这就是复合模式。其实，我们在应用模 式的时候大概每个人都已经在使用复合模式了。

     还是来看实例吧，主角我们还是选用可爱的鸭子，

模式应用实例

  我们来做个鸭子模拟器吧

step 1 ：首先是主角出场，红头鸦，绿头鸭，鸭鸣器，还有最拉风的橡皮鸭。有请（如下）：

要求很简单，就需要会叫，就可以了，好，我们动手吧，先来接口IQuackable,然后逐一实现MallardDuck, RedHeadDuck, DuckCall, RubberDuck 就可以了。代码如下

IQuackable.cs 定义接口

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { interface IQuackable { void Quack(); } }

MallardDuck.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class MallardDuck:IQuackable { public void Quack() { Console.WriteLine("Quack"); } } }

RedHeadDuck.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class RedHeadDuck:IQuackable { public void Quack() { Console.WriteLine("Quack"); } } }

DuckCall.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class DuckCall:IQuackable { public void Quack() { Console.WriteLine("Quack"); } } }

RubberDuck.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class RubberDuck:IQuackable { public void Quack() { Console.WriteLine("Squeack"); } } }

DuckSimulator.cs 实现鸭子模拟器

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class Simulator { public static void SimDuck(IQuackable duck) { duck.Quack(); } } }

运行Program.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { public class Program { public static void Main() { IQuackable mallardDuck=new MallardDuck(); IQuackable redHeadDuck=new RedHeadDuck(); IQuackable duckCall=new DuckCall(); IQuackable rubberDuck=new RubberDuck(); Simulator.SimDuck(mallardDuck); Simulator.SimDuck(redHeadDuck); Simulator.SimDuck(duckCall); Simulator.SimDuck(rubberDuck); } } }

运行结果如下：

Quack
Quack
Quack
Squeack

 

Step 2：适配器模式

  上面模拟的很好，现在来个了不和谐的客人了，看，谁来了

           

  鹅大妈可不会Quack Quack 叫，她只会Honk Honk,还会咬人，我小时候贼怕鹅，不过咬人这点这里就略过了

  呵呵，那怎么办呢，是用适配器模式的时候了，

  这里给出2段代码Goose.cs,GooseAdapter.cs

goose.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class Goose { public void Honk() { Console.WriteLine("Honk"); } } }

GooseAdapter.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class GooseAdapter:IQuackable { Goose _goose; public GooseAdapter(Goose goose) { _goose=goose; } public void Quack() { _goose.Honk(); } } }

 

 要创建Goose,只需要建立new GooseAdapter(new Goose())，就可以鱼目混珠，混在鸭子堆中。

Step 3:工厂模式

  要做到简单，能不能让客户不需要操心怎么new的细节，而是直接调用呢，那就是工厂模式了。

  先建立一个enum枚举类型

 using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { public enum Ducks { RedHeadDuck,MallardDuck,RubberDuck,DuckCall,Goose } }

然后创建工厂

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class DuckFactory { public static IQuackable CreateDuck(Ducks duck) { IQuackable quacker=null; switch(duck) { case Ducks.RedHeadDuck:quacker=new RedHeadDuck();break; case Ducks.MallardDuck:quacker=new MallardDuck();break; case Ducks.RubberDuck:quacker=new RubberDuck();break; case Ducks.DuckCall:quacker=new DuckCall();break; case Ducks.Goose:quacker=new GooseAdapter(new Goose());break; } return quacker; } } }

 

program如下

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { public class Program { public static void Main() { IQuackable mallardDuck=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.MallardDuck); IQuackable redHeadDuck=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.RedHeadDuck); IQuackable duckCall=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.DuckCall); IQuackable rubberDuck=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.RubberDuck); IQuackable goose=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.Goose); Simulator.SimDuck(mallardDuck); Simulator.SimDuck(redHeadDuck); Simulator.SimDuck(duckCall); Simulator.SimDuck(rubberDuck); Simulator.SimDuck(goose); } } }

现在所有鸭子的创建部分由工厂负责了。

STEP 4：组合模式

  现在有新的要求了，考虑鸭子太多了，不好管理，能不能让它们组成一个个组合，几只鸭子组成1队，多个队或单独鸭子也同样可以组队。

这样当模拟的时候，直接调用队列就可以了，而不需要一只只鸭子的调用。

  ok，这就是组合模式了。

  我们先来创建2个类，1个singleQuack，一个QuackArray

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class SingleQuack:IQuackable { public List<IQuackable> Quackers { get{return null;} } public virtual void Quack() { Console.WriteLine("Quack"); } } }

QuackArray.cs:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class QuackArray:IQuackable { List<IQuackable> _quackers=new List<IQuackable>(); public List<IQuackable> Quackers { get{return _quackers;} } public void Quack() { foreach(IQuackable quacker in _quackers) { quacker.Quack(); } } } }

这2个类都同时继承与IQuackable

然后我们改写鸭子的实现，以DuckCall为例，如下

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class DuckCall:SingleQuack { } }

 

Program.cs改写如下

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { public class Program { public static void Main() { IQuackable mallardDuck=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.MallardDuck); IQuackable redHeadDuck=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.RedHeadDuck); IQuackable duckCall=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.DuckCall); IQuackable rubberDuck=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.RubberDuck); IQuackable duckArray=new QuackArray(); duckArray.Quackers.Add(mallardDuck); duckArray.Quackers.Add(redHeadDuck); duckArray.Quackers.Add(duckCall); duckArray.Quackers.Add(rubberDuck); IQuackable goose1=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.Goose); IQuackable goose2=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.Goose); IQuackable goose3=DuckFactory.CreateDuck(Ducks.Goose); IQuackable gooseArray=new QuackArray(); gooseArray.Quackers.Add(goose1); gooseArray.Quackers.Add(goose2); gooseArray.Quackers.Add(goose3); duckArray.Quackers.Add(gooseArray); Simulator.SimDuck(duckArray); } } }

这里调用鸭子不再需要1个1个调用了，直接一句Simulator.SimDuck(duckArray)就搞定。

Step 5：装饰模式

   现在老板又突发奇想了，要给每只鸭子装1个计数器，鸭子没叫1次，计数器就加1，最后需要知道所有鸭子总共叫了多少次。

ok，这是个新功能了。要给1件事务加新功能，新行为，用Decorator装饰者模式不错

   我们来创建装饰品QuackCounter.cs

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class QuackCounter:SingleQuack { SingleQuack _quacker; static int _count; public static int Count { get{return _count;} } public QuackCounter(SingleQuack quacker) { _quacker=quacker; } public override void Quack() { _count++; _quacker.Quack(); } } }

在改写Factory

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class DuckFactory { public static SingleQuack CreateDuck(Ducks duck) { SingleQuack quacker=null; switch(duck) { case Ducks.RedHeadDuck:quacker=new RedHeadDuck();break; case Ducks.MallardDuck:quacker=new MallardDuck();break; case Ducks.RubberDuck:quacker=new RubberDuck();break; case Ducks.DuckCall:quacker=new DuckCall();break; case Ducks.Goose:quacker=new GooseAdapter(new Goose());break; } return quacker; } public static SingleQuack CreateCounterDuck(Ducks duck) { SingleQuack counterQuacker=new QuackCounter(CreateDuck(duck)); return counterQuacker; } } }

当需要调用带计数器的鸭子的时候，直接调用CreateCounterDuck(...)

Step 5：观察者模式

  新需求来了。我们的鸭子专家现在需要远程监控鸭子的行为。每当鸭子叫一下，专家就即时获得消息，ok，这就是事件了，鸭子一叫就触发了事件。这根本也就是观察者模式。

  我们现在要给所有鸭子加上事件了，那就是改鸭子的父类了

  首先修改接口IQuackable，给接口加上event

  using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { public delegate void QuackHandle(IQuackable quacker); public interface IQuackable { event QuackHandle OnQuack; List<IQuackable> Quackers { get; } void Quack(); } } 

 

  然后鸭子父类SingleDuck.cs

  using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class SingleQuack:IQuackable { public virtual event QuackHandle OnQuack; public List<IQuackable> Quackers { get{return null;} } public virtual void Quack() { Console.WriteLine("Quack"); DoEvent(); } protected void DoEvent() { if (OnQuack!=null) OnQuack(this); } } }

 在就是鸭子组合QuackArray了，注意，这里鸭子组合当注册事件的时候，实际上是给所有组合里的鸭子/鸭子组 注册事件

如下

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class QuackArray:IQuackable { List<IQuackable> _quackers=new List<IQuackable>(); public event QuackHandle OnQuack { add { foreach(IQuackable quacker in _quackers) { quacker.OnQuack+=value; } } remove { foreach(IQuackable quacker in _quackers) { quacker.OnQuack-=value; } } } public List<IQuackable> Quackers { get{return _quackers;} } public void Quack() { foreach(IQuackable quacker in _quackers) { quacker.Quack(); } } } }

  还有就是QuackCounter了，别忘了给它重写事件，这里counter注册事件的时候，实际上是给鸭子本体注册时间，而不是这个装饰品。

如下：

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { class QuackCounter:SingleQuack { SingleQuack _quacker; public override event QuackHandle OnQuack { add { _quacker.OnQuack+=value; } remove { _quacker.OnQuack-=value; } } static int _count; public static int Count { get{return _count;} } public QuackCounter(SingleQuack quacker) { _quacker=quacker; } public override void Quack() { _count++; _quacker.Quack(); } public override string ToString() { return _quacker.ToString()+" with counter "; } } }

 

Program.cs如下

using System; namespace FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns { public class Program { public static void Main() { IQuackable mallardDuck=DuckFactory.CreateCounterDuck(Ducks.MallardDuck); IQuackable redHeadDuck=DuckFactory.CreateCounterDuck(Ducks.RedHeadDuck); IQuackable duckCall=DuckFactory.CreateCounterDuck(Ducks.DuckCall); IQuackable rubberDuck=DuckFactory.CreateCounterDuck(Ducks.RubberDuck); rubberDuck=new RubberDuck(); IQuackable duckArray=new QuackArray(); duckArray.Quackers.Add(mallardDuck); duckArray.Quackers.Add(redHeadDuck); duckArray.Quackers.Add(duckCall); duckArray.Quackers.Add(rubberDuck); IQuackable goose1=DuckFactory.CreateCounterDuck(Ducks.Goose); IQuackable goose2=DuckFactory.CreateCounterDuck(Ducks.Goose); IQuackable goose3=DuckFactory.CreateCounterDuck(Ducks.Goose); IQuackable gooseArray=new QuackArray(); gooseArray.Quackers.Add(goose1); gooseArray.Quackers.Add(goose2); gooseArray.Quackers.Add(goose3); duckArray.Quackers.Add(gooseArray); Quackologist quackologist=new Quackologist(); duckArray.OnQuack+= quackologist.ShowQuackInfo; Simulator.SimDuck(duckArray); Console.WriteLine("the count of quack is {0}",QuackCounter.Count); } } }

结果：

Quack
FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns.MallardDuck just quacked
Quack
FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns.RedHeadDuck just quacked
Quack
FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns.DuckCall just quacked
Squeack
FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns.RubberDuck just quacked
Honk
FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns.GooseAdapter just quacked
Honk
FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns.GooseAdapter just quacked
Honk
FUZHEPING.DesignPatterns.CompoundPatterns.GooseAdapter just quacked
the count of quack is 6

 

 

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