分类Classification-二十个新闻组（Twenty Newsgroups）

[size=x-large]二十个新闻组分类列子[/size]

[size=large]介绍[/size]
这二十个新闻组数据集合是收集大约20,000新闻组文档，均匀的分布在20个不同的集合。这20个新闻组集合采集最近流行的数据集合到文本程序中作为实验，根据机器学习技术。例如文本分类，文本聚集。我们将使用Mahout的Bayes Classifier创造一个模型，它将一个新文档分类到这20个新闻组集合

[size=x-large]首要条件[/size]
。Mahout已经下载
。Maven是可用的
。已经设置了如下环境变量：
HADOOP_HOME hadoop的安装路径
MAHOUT_HOME mahout的安装路径

[size=x-large]安装Mahout[/size]
如果已经下载了distribution的Mahout，使用unzip/untar解压，进入解压后的目录，
1.进入trunk目录，编译并且创建hadoop job

mvn install

[size=large]基于Mahout 0.2+：[/size]
1.创建目录并且下载20newsgroup的数据

$ mkdir $MAHOUT_HOME/examples/bin/work/
$ cd  $MAHOUT_HOME/examples/bin/work/

2.下载20news-bydate.tar.gz从[url=20newsgroups dataset]20newsgroups dataset[/url]

3.解压

tar zxf 20news-bydate.tar.gz

4.生成input的数据

$> $MAHOUT_HOME/bin/mahout org.apache.mahout.classifier.bayes.PrepareTwentyNewsgroups \
  -p examples/bin/work/20news-bydate/20news-bydate-train \
  -o examples/bin/work/20news-bydate/bayes-train-input \
  -a org.apache.mahout.vectorizer.DefaultAnalyzer \
  -c UTF-8

5.生成test的数据

$> $MAHOUT_HOME/bin/mahout org.apache.mahout.classifier.bayes.PrepareTwentyNewsgroups \
  -p examples/bin/work/20news-bydate/20news-bydate-test \
  -o examples/bin/work/20news-bydate/bayes-test-input \
  -a org.apache.mahout.vectorizer.DefaultAnalyzer \
  -c UTF-8

[size=x-large]在hadoop集群上运行20newsgroups例子[/size]
[size=large]设置hadoop集群[/size]
1.编辑hadoop-site.xml，添加本地设置[url=http://hadoop.apache.org/core/docs/current/quickstart.html]Hadoop quickstart[/url]

emacs $HADOOP_HOME/conf/hadoop-site.xml

2.格式HDFS

$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop namenode -format

3.启动hadoop

$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/start-all.sh

4.上传文件到HDFS

$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop dfs -put $MAHOUT_HOME/examples/bin/work/20news-bydate/bayes-train-input 20news-input

[size=large]Train贝叶斯分类基于Tri-grams[/size]
下面将在hadoop运行4个map reduce工作，为了Train这个分类器并且将运行一段时间如果在只有一个节点的机器上

$> $MAHOUT_HOME/bin/mahout trainclassifier \
  -i 20news-input/bayes-train-input \
  -o newsmodel \
  -type bayes \
  -ng 3 \
  -source hdfs

你可以监控这个job的状态，从Job Tracker的机器上打开浏览器访问：http://localhost:50030/jobtracker.jsp

在input目录运行Test分类器

$> $MAHOUT_HOME/bin/mahout testclassifier \
  -m newsmodel \
  -d 20news-input \
  -type bayes \
  -ng 3 \
  -source hdfs \
  -method mapreduce

输出的结果：
08/11/07 16:52:39 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: Done loading model: # labels: 20
08/11/07 16:52:39 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: Done generating Model
08/11/07 16:52:57 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: alt.atheism96.9962453066333775/799.0
08/11/07 16:53:15 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: comp.graphics99.28057553956835966/973.0
08/11/07 16:53:45 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: comp.os.ms-windows.misc96.95431472081218955/985.0
08/11/07 16:53:59 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware99.59266802443992978/982.0
08/11/07 16:54:10 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: comp.sys.mac.hardware99.47970863683663956/961.0
08/11/07 16:54:28 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: comp.windows.x99.59183673469387976/980.0
08/11/07 16:54:38 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: misc.forsale98.45679012345678957/972.0
08/11/07 16:54:50 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: rec.autos99.4949494949495985/990.0
08/11/07 16:55:04 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: rec.motorcycles100.0994/994.0
08/11/07 16:55:16 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: rec.sport.baseball99.89939637826961993/994.0
08/11/07 16:55:36 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: rec.sport.hockey99.89989989989989998/999.0
08/11/07 16:55:54 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: sci.crypt99.39455095862765985/991.0
08/11/07 16:56:05 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: sci.electronics98.98063200815494971/981.0
08/11/07 16:56:27 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: sci.med99.79797979797979988/990.0
08/11/07 16:56:44 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: sci.space99.3920972644377981/987.0
08/11/07 16:57:06 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: soc.religion.christian99.49849548645938992/997.0
08/11/07 16:57:24 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: talk.politics.guns99.45054945054945905/910.0
08/11/07 16:57:51 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: talk.politics.mideast98.82978723404256929/940.0
08/11/07 16:58:13 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: talk.politics.misc89.93548387096774697/775.0
08/11/07 16:58:25 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: talk.religion.misc61.78343949044586388/628.0
08/11/07 16:58:25 INFO bayes.TestClassifier: =======================================================
Summary
-------------------------------------------------------
Correctly Classified Instances : 18369 97.5621%
Incorrectly Classified Instances : 459 2.4379%
Total Classified Instances : 18828

=======================================================
Confusion Matrix
-------------------------------------------------------
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t <--Classified as
994 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 994 a = rec.motorcycles
0 976 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 | 980 b = comp.windows.x
7 0 929 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 | 940 c = talk.politics.mideast
0 0 0 905 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 | 910 d = talk.politics.guns
4 1 4 27 388 1 0 1 0 5 1 1 2 2 149 7 2 33 0 0 | 628 e = talk.religion.misc
3 0 0 0 0 985 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 990 f = rec.autos
0 0 0 0 0 0 993 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 994 g = rec.sport.baseball
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 998 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 999 h = rec.sport.hockey
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 956 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 | 961 i = comp.sys.mac.hardware
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 981 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 987 j = sci.space
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 978 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 | 982 k = comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
1 0 3 36 0 1 2 1 0 5 0 697 4 0 3 3 19 0 0 0 | 775 l = talk.politics.misc
0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 966 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 | 973 m = comp.graphics
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 971 0 0 0 0 3 0 | 981 n = sci.electronics
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 992 1 0 1 0 1 | 997 o = soc.religion.christian
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 988 0 0 0 1 | 990 p = sci.med
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 985 0 1 0 | 991 q = sci.crypt
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 19 0 1 775 0 0 | 799 r = alt.atheism
1 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 957 0 | 972 s = misc.forsale
0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 10 955 | 985 t = comp.os.ms-windows.misc


[size=x-large]附加的Naive Bayes[/size]
Train一个CBayes分类器使用bi-grams

$> $MAHOUT_HOME/bin/mahout trainclassifier \
  -i 20news-input \
  -o newsmodel \
  -type cbayes \
  -ng 2 \
  -source hdfs

Test一个CBayes分类器使用bi-grams

$> $MAHOUT_HOME/bin/mahout testclassifier \
  -m newsmodel \
  -d 20news-input \
  -type cbayes \
  -ng 2 \
  -source hdfs \
  -method mapreduce

原文连接：https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAHOUT/Twenty+Newsgroups