Using texturetool to Compress Textures

转载自：https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/3DDrawing/Conceptual/OpenGLES_ProgrammingGuide/TextureTool/TextureTool.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008793-CH108-SW1

Using texturetool to Compress Textures

The iOS SDK includes a tool that allows you to compress your textures into the PVR texture compression format, aptly namedtexturetool. If you have Xcode installed with the iOS 4.3 SDK in the default location (/Developer/Platforms/), thentexturetoolis located at:/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/texturetool.

texturetoolprovides various compression options with tradeoffs between image quality and size. You need to experiment with each texture to determine which setting provides the best compromise.

Note:The encoders, formats, and options available withtexturetoolare subject to change. This document describes those options available as of iOS 3.0. Options not compatible with previous versions of iOS are noted.

texturetool Parameters

The parameters that may be passed totexturetoolare described in the rest of this section.

user$ texturetool -h

Usage: texturetool [-hlm] [-e <encoder>] [-p <preview_file>] -o <output> [-f <format>] input_image

-h Display this help menu.

-l List available encoders, individual encoder options, and file formats.

-m Generate a complete mipmap chain from the input image.

-e <encoder> Encode texture levels with <encoder>.

-p <preview_file> Output a PNG preview of the encoded output to <preview_file>. Requires -e option

-o <output> Write processed image to <output>.

-f <format> Set file <format> for <output> image.

Note:The-poption indicates that it requires the-eoption. It also requires the-ooption.

Listing A-1Encoding options

user$ texturetool -l

Encoders:

PVRTC

--channel-weighting-linear

--channel-weighting-perceptual

--bits-per-pixel-2

--bits-per-pixel-4

Formats:

Raw

PVR

texturetooldefaults to--bits-per-pixel-4,--channel-weighting-linearand-f Rawif no other options are provided.

The--bits-per-pixel-2and--bits-per-pixel-4options create PVRTC data that encodes source pixels into 2 or 4 bits per pixel. These options represent a fixed 16:1 and 8:1 compression ratio over the uncompressed 32-bit RGBA image data. There is a minimum data size of 32 bytes; the compressor never produces files smaller than this, and at least that many bytes are expected when uploading compressed texture data.

When compressing, specifying--channel-weighting-linearspreads compression error equally across all channels. By contrast, specifying--channel-weighting-perceptualattempts to reduce error in the green channel compared to the linear option. In general, PVRTC compression does better with photographic images than with line art.

The-moption allows you to automatically generate mipmap levels for the source image. These levels are provided as additional image data in the archive created. If you use the Raw image format, then each level of image data is appended one after another to the archive. If you use the PVR archive format, then each mipmap image is provided as a separate image in the archive.

The iOS 2.2 SDK added an additional format (-f) parameter that allows you to control the format of its output file. Although this parameter is not available with iOS 2.1 or earlier, the data files produced are compatible with those versions of iOS.

The default format is Raw, which is equivalent to the format thattexturetoolproduced under iOS SDK 2.0 and 2.1. This format is raw compressed texture data, either for a single texture level (without the-moption) or for each texture level concatenated together (with the-moption). Each texture level stored in the file is at least 32 bytes in size and must be uploaded to the GPU in its entirety.

The PVR format matches the format used by the PVRTexTool found in Imagination Technologies’s PowerVR SDK. Your application must parse the data header to obtain the actual texture data. See thePVRTextureLoadersample for an example of working with texture data in the PVR format.

ImportantSource images for the encoder must satisfy these requirements:

• Height and width must be at least 8.

• Height and width must be a power of 2.

• Must be square (height==width).

• Source images must be in a format that Image IO accepts in Mac OS X. For best results, your original textures should begin in an uncompressed data format.

ImportantIf you are using PVRTexTool to compress your textures, then you must create textures that are square and a power of two in length. If your application attempts to load a non-square or non-power-of-two texture in iOS, an error is returned.

Listing A-2Encoding images into the PVRTC compression format

Encode Image.png into PVRTC using linear weights and 4 bpp, and saving as ImageL4.pvrtc user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-linear --bits-per-pixel-4 -o ImageL4.pvrtc Image.png Encode Image.png into PVRTC using perceptual weights and 4 bpp, and saving as ImageP4.pvrtc user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-perceptual --bits-per-pixel-4 -o ImageP4.pvrtc Image.png Encode Image.png into PVRTC using linear weights and 2 bpp, and saving as ImageL2.pvrtc user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-linear --bits-per-pixel-2 -o ImageL2.pvrtc Image.png Encode Image.png into PVRTC using perceptual weights and 2 bpp, and saving as ImageP2.pvrtc user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-perceptual --bits-per-pixel-2 -o ImageP2.pvrtc Image.png

Listing A-3Encoding images into the PVRTC compression format while creating a preview

Encode Image.png into PVRTC using linear weights and 4 bpp, and saving the output as ImageL4.pvrtc and a PNG preview as ImageL4.png user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-linear --bits-per-pixel-4 -o ImageL4.pvrtc -p ImageL4.png Image.png Encode Image.png into PVRTC using perceptual weights and 4 bpp, and saving the output as ImageP4.pvrtc and a PNG preview as ImageP4.png user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-perceptual --bits-per-pixel-4 -o ImageP4.pvrtc -p ImageP4.png Image.png Encode Image.png into PVRTC using linear weights and 2 bpp, and saving the output as ImageL2.pvrtc and a PNG preview as ImageL2.png user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-linear --bits-per-pixel-2 -o ImageL2.pvrtc -p ImageL2.png Image.png Encode Image.png into PVRTC using perceptual weights and 2 bpp, and saving the output as ImageP2.pvrtc and a PNG preview as ImageP2.png user$ texturetool -e PVRTC --channel-weighting-perceptual --bits-per-pixel-2 -o ImageP2.pvrtc -p ImageP2.png Image.png

Note:It is not possible to create a preview without also specifying the-oparameter and a valid output file. Preview images are always in PNG format.

Listing A-4Example of uploading PVRTC data to the graphics chip

void texImage2DPVRTC(GLint level, GLsizei bpp, GLboolean hasAlpha, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, void *pvrtcData) { GLenum format; GLsizei size = width * height * bpp / 8; if(hasAlpha) { format = (bpp == 4) ? GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_PVRTC_4BPPV1_IMG : GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_PVRTC_2BPPV1_IMG; } else { format = (bpp == 4) ? GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_PVRTC_4BPPV1_IMG : GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_PVRTC_2BPPV1_IMG; } if(size < 32) { size = 32; } glCompressedTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, level, format, width, height, 0, size, data); }

For sample code, see thePVRTextureLoadersample.