openMP的一点使用经验 四

openMP的一点使用经验 四

http://www.cnblogs.com/yangyangcv/archive/2012/03/23/2413335.html

有了以上基本知识，对我来说做很多事情都足够了。下面我们来看一个具体的应用例，从硬盘读入两幅图像，对这两幅图像分别提取特征点，特征点匹配，最后将图像与匹配特征点画出来。理解该例子需要一些图像处理的基本知识，我不在此详细介绍。另外，编译该例需要opencv，我用的版本是2.3.1，关于opencv的安装与配置也不在此介绍。我们首先来看传统串行编程的方式。

 1 #include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"

 2 #include "opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp"

 3 #include 

 4 #include 

 5 int main( ){

 6     cv::SurfFeatureDetector detector( 400 );    

 7     cv::SurfDescriptorExtractor extractor;

 8     cv::BruteForceMatcherfloat> > matcher;

 9     std::vector< cv::DMatch > matches;

10     cv::Mat im0,im1;

11     std::vector keypoints0,keypoints1;

12     cv::Mat descriptors0, descriptors1;

13     double t1 = omp_get_wtime( );

14     //先处理第一幅图像
15     im0 = cv::imread("rgb0.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE );

16     detector.detect( im0, keypoints0);

17     extractor.compute( im0,keypoints0,descriptors0);

18     std::cout<<"find "<<keypoints0.size()<<"keypoints in im0"<<std::endl;

19     //再处理第二幅图像
20     im1 = cv::imread("rgb1.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE );

21     detector.detect( im1, keypoints1);

22     extractor.compute( im1,keypoints1,descriptors1);

23     std::cout<<"find "<<keypoints1.size()<<"keypoints in im1"<<std::endl;

24     double t2 = omp_get_wtime( );

25     std::cout<<"time: "<<t2-t1<<std::endl;

26     matcher.match( descriptors0, descriptors1, matches );

27     cv::Mat img_matches;

28     cv::drawMatches( im0, keypoints0, im1, keypoints1, matches, img_matches ); 

29     cv::namedWindow("Matches",CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

30     cv::imshow( "Matches", img_matches );

31     cv::waitKey(0);

32     return 1;

33 }

很明显，读入图像，提取特征点与特征描述子这部分可以改为并行执行，修改如下：

 1 #include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"

 2 #include "opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp"

 3 #include 

 4 #include 

 5 #include 

 6 int main( ){

 7     int imNum = 2;

 8     std::vector imVec(imNum);

 9     std::vector>keypointVec(imNum);

10     std::vector descriptorsVec(imNum);

11     cv::SurfFeatureDetector detector( 400 );    cv::SurfDescriptorExtractor extractor;

12     cv::BruteForceMatcherfloat> > matcher;

13     std::vector< cv::DMatch > matches;

14     char filename[100];

15     double t1 = omp_get_wtime( );

16 #pragma omp parallel for

17     for (int i=0;i

18         sprintf(filename,"rgb%d.jpg",i);

19         imVec[i] = cv::imread( filename, CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE );

20         detector.detect( imVec[i], keypointVec[i] );

21         extractor.compute( imVec[i],keypointVec[i],descriptorsVec[i]);

22         std::cout<<"find "<<keypointVec[i].size()<<"keypoints in im"<<i<<std::endl;

23     }

24     double t2 = omp_get_wtime( );

25     std::cout<<"time: "<<t2-t1<<std::endl;

26     matcher.match( descriptorsVec[0], descriptorsVec[1], matches );

27     cv::Mat img_matches;

28     cv::drawMatches( imVec[0], keypointVec[0], imVec[1], keypointVec[1], matches, img_matches ); 

29     cv::namedWindow("Matches",CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

30     cv::imshow( "Matches", img_matches );

31     cv::waitKey(0);

32     return 1;

33 }

两种执行方式做比较，时间为：2.343秒v.s. 1.2441秒

在上面代码中，为了改成适合#pragma omp parallelfor执行的方式，我们用了STL的vector来分别存放两幅图像、特征点与特征描述子，但在某些情况下，变量可能不适合放在vector里，此时应该怎么办呢？这就要用到openMP的另一个工具，section，代码如下：

 1 #include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"

 2 #include "opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp"

 3 #include 

 4 #include 

 5 int main( ){

 6     cv::SurfFeatureDetector detector( 400 );    cv::SurfDescriptorExtractor extractor;

 7     cv::BruteForceMatcherfloat> > matcher;

 8     std::vector< cv::DMatch > matches;

 9     cv::Mat im0,im1;

10     std::vector keypoints0,keypoints1;

11     cv::Mat descriptors0, descriptors1;

12     double t1 = omp_get_wtime( );

13 #pragma omp parallel sections

14     {

15 #pragma omp section

16         {

17             std::cout<<"processing im0"<<std::endl;

18             im0 = cv::imread("rgb0.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE );

19             detector.detect( im0, keypoints0);

20             extractor.compute( im0,keypoints0,descriptors0);

21             std::cout<<"find "<<keypoints0.size()<<"keypoints in im0"<<std::endl;

22         }

23 #pragma omp section

24         {

25             std::cout<<"processing im1"<<std::endl;

26             im1 = cv::imread("rgb1.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE );

27             detector.detect( im1, keypoints1);

28             extractor.compute( im1,keypoints1,descriptors1);

29             std::cout<<"find "<<keypoints1.size()<<"keypoints in im1"<<std::endl;

30         }

31     }

32     double t2 = omp_get_wtime( );

33     std::cout<<"time: "<<t2-t1<<std::endl;

34     matcher.match( descriptors0, descriptors1, matches );

35     cv::Mat img_matches;

36     cv::drawMatches( im0, keypoints0, im1, keypoints1, matches, img_matches ); 

37     cv::namedWindow("Matches",CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

38     cv::imshow( "Matches", img_matches );

39     cv::waitKey(0);

40     return 1;

41 }

上面代码中，我们首先用#pragma omp parallelsections将要并行执行的内容括起来，在它里面，用了两个#pragma ompsection，每个里面执行了图像读取、特征点与特征描述子提取。将其简化为伪代码形式即为：

 1 #pragma omp parallel sections

 2 {

 3     #pragma omp section

 4     {

 5         function1();

 6     }

 7 　　#pragma omp section

 8     {

 9         function2();

10     }

11 }

意思是：parallelsections里面的内容要并行执行，具体分工上，每个线程执行其中的一个section，如果section数大于线程数，那么就等某线程执行完它的section后，再继续执行剩下的section。在时间上，这种方式与人为用vector构造for循环的方式差不多，但无疑该种方式更方便，而且在单核机器上或没有开启openMP的编译器上，该种方式不需任何改动即可正确编译，并按照单核串行方式执行。

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