管道主要用于进程之间的通信,而pipe管道主要用于具有亲戚关系的进程之间进行通信,也叫匿名管道。以下是几个测试demo
1,通过主进程作媒介来实现两个子进程之间的通信
思路:主进程与两个子进程之间分别建立管道,一个用于从子进程输入数据到主进程,另一个管道用于从子进程输出数据到另一个子进程,代码如下:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<wait.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
int main()
{
int pipefd1[2],pipefd2[2];
char buf[1024];
if (pipe(pipefd1) == -1||pipe(pipefd2) == -1)
{
perror(" Web pipe error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pid_t childA = fork();//创建一个子进程,用于写
pid_t childB = fork();//创建一个子进程,用于读
if (childA ==-1 || childB ==-1)
{
perror("fork error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
else if (childB==0)
{
if((close(pipefd1[1]))==-1)//子进程只读
{
perror("close write error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(1)
{ //循环读取数据
read(pipefd1[0],buf,1024);//最多读取1024个字节
printf("childB read from pipe : %s\n",buf);
}
}
else if (childA>0 && childB>0){
// 只写
if((close(pipefd1[0]))==-1){
perror("close read error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if((close(pipefd2[1]))==-1){
perror("close read error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(1)//循环写入内容
{
waitpid(childA,NULL,WNOHANG);//等待子进程退出
waitpid(childB,NULL,WNOHANG);
read(pipefd2[0],buf,1024);
printf("mainProcess read from pipe : %s\n",buf);
write(pipefd1[1],buf,strlen(buf)+1);//具体写多少个字节
printf("mainProcess write to pipe : %s\n",buf);
}
}
else if (childA == 0)
{
if((close(pipefd2[0]))==-1)//子进程只写
{
perror("childA close read error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(1)
{
std::cin>>buf;
write(pipefd2[1],buf,strlen(buf)+1);//具体写多少个字节
printf("childA write to pipe : %s\n",buf);
}
}
return 1;
}
终端输入输出信息如下:
2,两个子进程通过pipe直接传输数据,不通过主进程
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<wait.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
int main()
{
int pipefds[2];
char buf[1024];
if (pipe(pipefds) ==-1)
{
perror(" Web pipe error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pid_t childA = fork();//创建一个子进程,用于写
pid_t childB = fork();//创建一个子进程,用于读
if (childA == -1 || childB == -1)
{
perror("pipe error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (childA == 0)
{
if((close(pipefds[0]))==-1)//子进程只写
{
perror("childA close read error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(1)
{
std::cin>>buf;
write(pipefds[1],buf,strlen(buf)+1);//具体写多少个字节
printf("childA write to pipe : %s\n",buf);
}
}
if (childB == 0)
{
if((close(pipefds[1]))==-1)//子进程只读
{
perror("close write error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(1)
{ //循环读取数据
read(pipefds[0],buf,1024);//最多读取1024个字节
printf("childB read from pipe : %s\n",buf);
}
}
if (childA >0 && childB >0)
{
while(1)
{
// 防止主进程退出
}
}
return 0;
}
终端打印出来的结果:
3,由于pipe是一种半双工的通信方式,如过要是实现两个子进程之前能够同时进行双向传输,实现全双工,必须要建立两个数据流向相反的管道(注:原则上也可通过只创建一个通道,然后close()来改变传输方向来实现双向传输,但一个通道无法实现同时双向传输),双管道传输代码如下:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<wait.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
void writeThread(int fd,char* buf,const char* name)
{
while(1)
{
std::cin>>buf;
char s[1024];
sprintf(s,"%s write to pipe:",name);
write(fd,buf,strlen(buf)+1);//具体写多少个字节
printf("%s%s\n",s,buf);
}
}
int main()
{
int pipefds1[2];
int pipefds2[2];
char buf1[1024];
char buf2[1024];
if (pipe(pipefds1) ==-1 || pipe(pipefds2) ==-1)
{
perror(" pipe error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pid_t childA = fork();
pid_t childB = fork();
if (childA == -1 || childB == -1)
{
perror("pipe error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (childA == 0)
{
if((close(pipefds1[0]))==-1)// 对于管道1,进程A只写
{
perror("childA close read error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if ((close(pipefds2[1]))==-1) // 对于管道2,进程A只读
{
perror("childA close write error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
std::thread t(writeThread,pipefds1[1],buf1,"childA");
t.detach();
while(1)
{ //循环读取数据
read(pipefds2[0],buf2,1024);//最多读取1024个字节
printf("childB read from pipe : %s\n",buf2);
}
}
if (childB == 0)
{
if((close(pipefds1[1]))==-1)//对于管道1,进程B只读
{
perror("childB close write error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if((close(pipefds2[0]))==-1)//对于管道2,进程A只写
{
perror("childB close read error:");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
std::thread t(writeThread,pipefds2[1],buf2,"childB");
t.detach();
while(1)
{ //循环读取数据
read(pipefds1[0],buf1,1024);//最多读取1024个字节
printf("childB read from pipe : %s\n",buf1);
}
}
if (childA >0 && childB >0)
{
while(1)
{
// 防止主进程退出
sleep(1);
}
}
return 0;
}
终端输入和输出:
注:关于fork函数的用法及作用可参考这个老哥的博客:https://blog.csdn.net/kxjrzyk/article/details/81603049