通过ISO镜像制作Debian本地源

1、假设*.iso存放在一个ext3分区/dev/hda2的/debian/debian-iso目录中。
2、新建挂载目录
# mkdir /apt
# mkdir /apt/iso /apt/cd01 /apt/cd02 /apt/cd03 /apt/cd04 /apt/cd05 /apt/cd06 /apt/cd07 /apt/cd08 /apt/cd09 /apt/cd10 /apt/cd11 /apt/cd12 /apt/cd13 /apt/cd14
3、挂载分区：# mount /dev/hda2 /apt/iso
3、挂载镜像：
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-1.iso /apt/cd01
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-2.iso /apt/cd02
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-3.iso /apt/cd03
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-4.iso /apt/cd04
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-5.iso /apt/cd05
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-6.iso /apt/cd06
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-7.iso /apt/cd07
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-8.iso /apt/cd08
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-9.iso /apt/cd09
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-10.iso /apt/cd10
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-11.iso /apt/cd11
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-12.iso /apt/cd12
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-13.iso /apt/cd13
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /apt/iso/debian/debian-iso/debian-31r0a-i386-binary-14.iso /apt/cd14
4、设置apt源：
# apt-setup
（1）先进入“edit sources list by hand”项，用“#”注释掉全部源（也可全部删除），然后用“:wq”存盘退出。
（2）提示“Add another apt source? ”对话框，选“Yes”,再选“filesystem”项，输入“/apt/cd01”然后“OK”。
（3）重复（2）直到14张盘全部加进去(注意：/apt/cd01分别要改为/apt/cd02、/apt/cd03……/apt/cd14)。
（4）提示“Add another apt source? ”对话框，选“No”。
（5）提示“Use security updates from security.debian.org?”对话框，选“No”。

 

 

5. 设置debian sources.list

2008年09月24日 星期三 22:01

sources.list 是我们在安装软件前所必需配置的一个文件，它告诉linux你所希望安装文件的存放路径（也就是那里可以找到他们），这里可以使网络路径，即所谓的网络安装，也可以使本地的文件路径。下面是我的一些设置心得。

1。本地安装
首先，linux对设备的访问都是以文件的形式进行的，因此不管你是硬盘也好，cd-rom，或iso文件，你首先要通过mount命令加载。
如果你已经下载了安装文件(比如是对应第一张光盘的），放在你的fat分区，如第二个分区下的一个叫debian 1的目录，那么你先加载分区如：
cd /mnt ; mkdir d; mount -t vfat /dev/hda2 /mnt/d
可在sources.list中添加如下
deb file:///mnt/debian1/ woody main contrib
deb file:///mnt/debian1/ woody/non-US main contrib
这里是有规律的，你可先查一下debian1下的目录结构，其中有个目录dist是默认添加的，woody是dist目录下的一个最新的stable版 本，还有其他的老的或testing以及unstable版，main和contrib是woody下的两个目录（有些还包括一个叫non-free的目 录），non-US是非美国的，牵扯到一些由于版权以及加密的软件，它下面同样有main contrib（有几个目录都选上）。
iso文件安装
类似，首先加载iso文件，有些不同
cd /mnt ;mkdir d ；mount -t vfat /dev/hda2 /mnt/d ;mkdir iso1 ;mkdir iso2 ;......
cd d;看到你的iso文件了吧；
mount -t iso9660 -o loop youisofile1.iso /dev/iso1
mount -t iso9660 -o loop youisofile2.iso /dev/iso2
依此类推有几个全挂上，vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb file:///mnt/iso1/ woody main contrib
deb file:///mnt/iso1/ woody/non-US main contrib
deb file:///mnt/iso2/ woody main contrib
deb file:///mnt/iso2/ woody/non-US main contrib
.......
2.网络安装相对简单，不过不同的mirrorsite，它的目录结构可能不同，你可用一下方法察看
如ftp ftp.jp.debian.org
anonymous
aaa@msn
ftp>ls
我的配置如下：
# Official Debian mirrors
#

# Debian "potato" (2.2)
#
#deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian potato main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian potato main contrib non-free

# Debian "stable" (presently the same as "Woody")
#
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free

# Debian "Woody" (3.0)
#
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian woody main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian woody main contrib non-free

# Debian "testing" (presently the same as "Sarge")
#
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free

# Debian "Sarge" (> 3.0)
#
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian sarge main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian sarge main contrib non-free

# Debian "unstable" ("Sid" will always be unstable.)
#
#deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free

# Debian "Sid" (> 3.0)
#
#deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian sid main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian sid main contrib non-free

# Debian "Potato" Non-US (crypto, 2.2)
#
#deb http://non-us.debian.org/ potato/non-US main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/ potato/non-US main contrib non-free

# Debian "stable" Non-US (crypto)
#
deb http://non-us.debian.org/ stable/non-US main contrib non-free
deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/ stable/non-US main contrib non-free

# Debian "Woody" Non-US (crypto)
#
deb http://non-us.debian.org/ woody/non-US main contrib non-free
deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/ woody/non-US main contrib non-free

# Debian "testing" Non-US (crypto)
#
deb http://non-us.debian.org/ testing/non-US main contrib non-free
deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/ testing/non-US main contrib non-free

# Debian "Sarge" Non-US (crypto)
#
deb http://non-us.debian.org/ sarge/non-US main contrib non-free
deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/ sarge/non-US main contrib non-free

# Debian "unstable" Non-US (crypto)
#
#deb http://non-us.debian.org/ unstable/non-US main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/ unstable/non-US main contrib non-free

# Debian "Sid" Non-US (crypto)
#
#deb http://non-us.debian.org/ sid/non-US main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/ sid/non-US main contrib non-free
这里deb-src表示可获取源代码。
还有日本的ftp.jp.debian.org也很不错，只要把前面的ftp.us.debian.org的
us改为jp就好了。
不用的用#注释掉。
这里要注意，版本主要分为stable,testing,unstable版，现在stable为woody3.0,其中unstable的软件最新，但最不稳定，不推荐使用，而testing的软件相对较新比较稳定，推荐。
还要注意的是，你如果用了stable,同时用了testing,那么升级后为testing,类似，如果还选了unstable的，那么结果就为unstable，因此推荐只选stable和
testing的，这样的话装好后就比较稳定。
接着用一下命令升级
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get dist-upgrade
装软件用apt-get install name
或用dselect ,tasksel ,aptitude等安装。