上一篇讲了栈,这一篇要总结的是我们常用的队列,我想从以下几个方面进行总结。
1,什么是队列?
2,队列的存储结构?
3,队列的常用操作及实现代码?
1,什么是队列
1,首先,队列也是一种特殊的线性表,它是一种操作受限的线性表。它只允许在表的一端进行元素插入,而在另一端进行元素删除。允许插入的一端称为队尾(rear),允许删除的一端称为队头(font)。
2,对于队列,与现实生活中的排队类似,新加入的成员总是在队尾,而排在队列最前面的总是最先离开队列,即先进先出,因此队列也称为先进先出表(FIFO)。
2,队列的存储结构
实现代码:
/// <summary> /// 封装顺序队列 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> public class SeqQueue<T> { private const int _maxSize = 100; public int MaxSize { get { return _maxSize; } } //保存数据 public T[] data=new T[_maxSize]; //头指针 public int head; //尾指针 public int rear; }
3,队列的常见操作及实现代码
1,初始化队列
思路:构造一个空队列,即将头指针head和尾指针rear都设置为0。
2,入队
思路:若队列不满,则将数据x插入到尾指针rear指向的位置,然后再将rear加1。
3,出队
思路:若队列不空,则将头指针head加1,并返回被删除的元素。
4,取队头
思路:若队列不空,则返回队头元素。
5,取队长
思路:即尾指针rear-头指针head。
6,判队空
思路:只需要判断头指针head与尾指针是否相等即可
7,判队满
思路:只需判断尾指针与MaxSize是否相等即可
注:在一个非空队列中,头指针始终指向队头元素,而尾指针始终指向队尾元素的下一个位置。
C#版:
namespace DS.Model { /// <summary> /// 学生实体 /// </summary> public class Student { public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } } } namespace DS.BLL { /// <summary> /// 队列常见操作逻辑类 /// </summary> public class SeqQueueBLL { /// <summary> /// 初始化 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static SeqQueue<T> Init<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue) { seqQueue.head = 0; seqQueue.rear = 0; return seqQueue; } /// <summary> /// 入队 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static SeqQueue<T> Enter<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue,T data) { //是否队满 if (IsFull(seqQueue)) return null; seqQueue.data[seqQueue.rear++] = data; //等价于seqQueue.data[seqQueue.rear] = data; seqQueue.rear++; return seqQueue; } /// <summary> /// 出队 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static T Dequeue<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue) { //是否队空 if (IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return default(T); var data = seqQueue.data[seqQueue.head]; seqQueue.head++; return data; } /// <summary> /// 取队头 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static T GetHead<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue) { //是否队空 if(IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return default(T); return seqQueue.data[seqQueue.head]; } /// <summary> /// 取队长 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static int GetLength<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue) { return seqQueue.rear - seqQueue.head; } /// <summary> /// 判断是否队满 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsFull<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue) { if (seqQueue.rear >= seqQueue.MaxSize) return true; return false; } /// <summary> /// 判断是否队空 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsEmpty<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue) { if (seqQueue.head == seqQueue.rear) return true; return false; } } /// <summary> /// 封装顺序队列 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> public class SeqQueue<T> { private const int _maxSize = 100; public int MaxSize { get { return _maxSize; } } //保存数据 public T[] data=new T[_maxSize]; //头指针 public int head; //尾指针 public int rear; } } namespace SeqQueue.CSharp { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { SeqQueue<Student> seqQueue = new SeqQueue<Student>(); Console.WriteLine("********************初始化*******************\n"); SeqQueueBLL.Init(seqQueue); Console.WriteLine("当前队列的长度是:{0}", SeqQueueBLL.GetLength(seqQueue)); Console.WriteLine("\n********************入队*******************\n"); Console.WriteLine("插入五条数据到队列\n"); SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 1, Name = "a", Age = 1 }); SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 2, Name = "b", Age = 2 }); SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 3, Name = "c", Age = 3 }); SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 4, Name = "d", Age = 4 }); SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 5, Name = "e", Age = 5 }); Display(seqQueue); Console.WriteLine("\n********************出队*******************\n"); Console.WriteLine("将队头出队\n"); Student student= SeqQueueBLL.Dequeue(seqQueue); Display(seqQueue); Console.WriteLine("\n********************取队头*******************\n"); Student result= SeqQueueBLL.GetHead(seqQueue); Console.WriteLine("ID={0},Name={1},Age={2}\n", result.ID, result.Name, result.Age); Console.WriteLine("\n********************取队长*******************\n"); Console.WriteLine("当前队列中有{0}个元素\n",SeqQueueBLL.GetLength(seqQueue)); Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 展示数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="seqQueue"></param> private static void Display(SeqQueue<Student> seqQueue) { Console.WriteLine("\n*****展示数据*****\n"); for (int i = seqQueue.head; i < seqQueue.rear; i++) { Console.WriteLine("ID={0},Name={1},Age={2}\n", seqQueue.data[i].ID, seqQueue.data[i].Name, seqQueue.data[i].Age); } Console.WriteLine("*****展示完毕*****\n"); } } }
程序运行结果:
C语言版:
#include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "io.h" #include "math.h" #include "time.h" #define OK 1 #define ERROR 0 #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define MAXSIZE 20 typedef int Status; typedef int ElemType; /* 队列的顺序存储结构 */ typedef struct { ElemType data[MAXSIZE]; int head; /* 头指针 */ int rear; /* 尾指针,若队列不空,指向队列尾元素的下一个位置 */ }SeqQueue; /*初始化*/ Status Init(SeqQueue *seqQueue) { seqQueue->head=0; seqQueue->rear=0; return OK; } /*入队*/ Status Enter(SeqQueue *seqQueue,ElemType e) { //是否队满 if (IsFull(seqQueue)) return ERROR; seqQueue->data[seqQueue->rear]=e; seqQueue->rear++; return OK; } /*出队*/ Status Dequeue(SeqQueue *seqQueue,ElemType *e) { //是否队空 if (IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return ERROR; *e=seqQueue->data[seqQueue->head]; //为什么不能用e=seqQueue->data[seqQueue->head] seqQueue->head++; return OK; } /*取队头*/ Status GetHead(SeqQueue *seqQueue,ElemType *e) { //是否队空 if (IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return ERROR; *e=seqQueue->data[seqQueue->head]; return OK; } /*取队长*/ int GetLength(SeqQueue *seqQueue) { return seqQueue->rear-seqQueue->head; } /*是否队满*/ Status IsFull(SeqQueue *seqQueue) { if (seqQueue->rear>=MAXSIZE) return TRUE; return FALSE; } /*是否队空*/ Status IsEmpty(SeqQueue *seqQueue) { if (seqQueue->rear==seqQueue->head) return TRUE; return FALSE; } /*展示数据*/ void Display(SeqQueue *seqQueue) { int i; printf("*****展示数据*****\n"); for (i=seqQueue->head;i<seqQueue->rear;i++) { printf("%d ",seqQueue->data[i]); } printf("\n*****展示完毕*****\n"); } void main() { SeqQueue seqQueue; ElemType e; Status i; int j; printf("***************初始化***************\n"); i=Init(&seqQueue); if (i==OK) printf("初始化成功!\n"); else printf("初始化失败!\n"); printf("\n***************入队***************\n"); printf("插入五条数据到队列\n"); for (j=1;j<6;j++) { i=Enter(&seqQueue,j); } Display(&seqQueue); printf("\n***************出队***************\n"); printf("将队头出队\n"); Dequeue(&seqQueue,&e); Display(&seqQueue); printf("\n***************取队头***************\n"); GetHead(&seqQueue,&e); printf("当前队头元素是:%d\n",e); printf("\n***************取队长***************\n"); printf("当前队列中有%d个元素\n",GetLength(&seqQueue)); getchar(); }
程序运行结果: