先来分析问题:
7个骰子掷出1次 等价于 1个骰子掷出7次
再来看 Sympy 的操作, 掷出1个硬币(x表示正面, y表示反面):
import sympy as sy
x,y = sy.symbols("x y")
p=sy.poly((x+y))
p.coeffs() # 系数项[1, 1]
p.monoms() # 指数项[(1, 0), (0, 1)]
再来看 Sympy 的操作, 掷出5个硬币(x表示正面, y表示反面):
import sympy as sy
x,y = sy.symbols("x y")
p=sy.poly((x+y)**5)
p.coeffs() # 系数项[1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1]
p.monoms() # 指数项[(5, 0), (4, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3), (1, 4), (0, 5)]
再来看 Sympy 的操作, 掷出1个骰子 (xyzuvw表示123456点):
import sympy as sy
x,y,z,u,v,w = sy.symbols("x y z u v w")
p=sy.poly((x+y+z+u+v+w))
p.coeffs() # 系数项[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
p.monoms() # 指数项[(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1)]
再来看 Sympy 的操作, 掷出5个骰子 (xyzuvw表示123456点):
import sympy as sy
x,y,z,u,v,w = sy.symbols("x y z u v w")
p=sy.poly((x+y+z+u+v+w)**5)
p.coeffs()
# 系数项
"""
[1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 10, 20, 20, 20, 20, 10, 20, 20, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10, 20, 10, 10, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 60, 60, 60, 30, 60, 60, 30, 60, 30, 10, 30, 30, 30, 30, 60, 60, 30,
60, 30, 10, 30, 30, 30, 60, 30, 10, 30, 30, 10, 5, 20, 20, 20, 20, 30, 60, 60, 60, 30, 60, 60, 30, 60, 30, 20, 60, 60, 60, 60, 120, 120, 60, 120, 60, 20, 60, 60, 60, 120
, 60, 20, 60, 60, 20, 5, 20, 20, 20, 30, 60, 60, 30, 60, 30, 20, 60, 60, 60, 120, 60, 20, 60, 60, 20, 5, 20, 20, 30, 60, 30, 20, 60, 60, 20, 5, 20, 30, 20, 5, 1, 5, 5, 5,
5, 10, 20, 20, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10, 20, 10, 10, 30, 30, 30, 30, 60, 60, 30, 60, 30, 10, 30, 30, 30, 60, 30, 10, 30, 30, 10, 5, 20, 20, 20, 30, 60, 60, 30, 60, 30, 20, 60,
60, 60, 120, 60, 20, 60, 60, 20, 5, 20, 20, 30, 60, 30, 20, 60, 60, 20, 5, 20, 30, 20, 5, 1, 5, 5, 5, 10, 20, 20, 10, 20, 10, 10, 30, 30, 30, 60, 30, 10, 30, 30, 10, 5,
20, 20, 30, 60, 30, 20, 60, 60, 20, 5, 20, 30, 20, 5, 1, 5, 5, 10, 20, 10, 10, 30, 30, 10, 5, 20, 30, 20, 5, 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1]
"""
p.monoms()
# 指数项
"""
[(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), (4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0), (4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0), (4, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0), (4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0), (4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), (3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0), (3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), (3, 1, 0,
1, 0, 0), (3, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0), (3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), (3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0), (3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0), (3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0), (3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1), (3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), (3, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0),
(3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1), (3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0), (3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1), (3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2), (2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0), (2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0), (2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0), (2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0), (2, 2, 0,
0, 0, 1), (2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0), (2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0), (2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0), (2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1), (2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0), (2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0), (2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1), (2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0),
(2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1), (2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2), (2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0), (2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0), (2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0), (2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1), (2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0), (2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0), (2, 0, 1,
1, 0, 1), (2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0), (2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1), (2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2), (2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), (2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0), (2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1), (2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0), (2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1),
(2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2), (2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0), (2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1), (2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2), (2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3), (1, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0), (1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0), (1, 3, 0,
0, 1, 0), (1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1), (1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0), (1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1), (1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0), (1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0), (1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1),
(1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0), (1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1), (1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2), (1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0), (1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1), (1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0), (1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2), (1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0), (1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0),
(1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2), (1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0), (1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1), (1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2), (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3), (1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 3,
0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1), (1, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0), (1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1), (1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0), (1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2), (1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0),
(1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1), (1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0), (1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2), (1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0), (1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1), (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2), (1, 0, 1,
0, 0, 3), (1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0), (1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1), (1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0), (1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2), (1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0), (1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1),
(1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2), (1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3), (1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0), (1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1), (1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2), (1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3), (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4), (0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0), (0, 4, 1,
0, 0, 0), (0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0), (0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1), (0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0), (0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0), (0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0), (0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1), (0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0),
(0, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0), (0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1), (0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0), (0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 1), (0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2), (0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0), (0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0), (0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0), (0, 2, 2,
0, 0, 1), (0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0), (0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0), (0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1), (0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0), (0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1), (0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2), (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0), (0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0),
(0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1), (0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0), (0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 1), (0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2), (0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0), (0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1), (0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2), (0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3), (0, 1, 4,
0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0), (0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0), (0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0), (0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1),
(0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2), (0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 0), (0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0), (0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), (0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2), (0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0), (0, 1, 1,
0, 2, 1), (0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2), (0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 3), (0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0), (0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 0), (0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1), (0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2),
(0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0), (0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1), (0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2), (0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3), (0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1), (0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2), (0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3), (0, 1, 0,
0, 0, 4), (0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0), (0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1), (0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0),
(0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 1), (0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2), (0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0), (0, 0, 2, 2, 1, 0), (0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1), (0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0), (0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2), (0, 0, 2,
0, 3, 0), (0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1), (0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2), (0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3), (0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1), (0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0), (0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1),
(0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2), (0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 0), (0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1), (0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2), (0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3), (0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1), (0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2), (0, 0, 1,
0, 1, 3), (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4), (0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 1), (0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0), (0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1), (0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2), (0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1), (0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2), (0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3), (0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1), (0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2), (0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3), (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4), (0, 0, 0,
0, 5, 0), (0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1), (0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2), (0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3), (0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4), (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5)]
"""
由此可以知道: 掷出5个骰子, 出现2个不同对子加单吊的预期频数
就是 指数项 里边有两个2的对应项的系数项之和
即概率分子为:
sum([p.coeffs()[i] for i,item in enumerate(p.monoms()) if p.monoms()[i].count(2)==2])
概率分母为所有系数之和:
sum(p.coeffs())
掷出5个骰子, 出现2个不同对子加单吊的概率为1800/7776 .
回到最初的问题, 用Sympy计算7个骰子掷出3个不同对子加单吊的概率:
import sympy as sy
x,y,z,u,v,w = sy.symbols("x y z u v w")
p=sy.poly((x+y+z+u+v+w)**7) # 掷出7个骰子
a=sum(p.coeffs())
b=sum([p.coeffs()[i] for i,item in enumerate(p.monoms()) if p.monoms()[i].count(2)==3]) # 对子有三组,不同点数,外加一个单吊
print("7个骰子掷出3个不同对子加单吊的概率: {}/{}".format(b,a))
运行结果为:
7个骰子掷出3个不同对子加单吊的概率: 37800/279936 .
完毕, 撒花