Sequential实现mnist手写数字识别以及fashion数据集识别

Sequential模型

配置训练方法

model.compile(loss, optimizr, metrics)

• loss损失函数
  
• optimizer优化器
  
• metrics性能评估函数

训练模型

model.fit(训练集的输入特征,训练集的标签，
          batch_size=批量大小，
          epochs=迭代次数，
          shuffle=是否每轮训练之前打乱数据，
          validation_data=(测试集的输入特征，测试集的标签),
          validation_split=从训练集划分多少比例给测试集，
          validation_freq =测试频率
          verbose=日志显示形式
          )

评估模型

model.evaluate(test_set_x, test_set_y, batch_size, verbose)

model.evaluate(test_set_x=测试数据属性,
               test_set_y=测试数据标签, 
               batch_size=批量大小,
               verbose=输出信息的方式
               )

使用模型

model.predict(x, batch_size, verbose)

model.predict(x=数据属性值,
              batch_size=批量大小,
              verbose=输出信息方式
              )

mnist识别

神经网络结构

程序

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

gpus = tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices('GPU')
tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(gpus[0], True)
mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(train_x, train_y), (test_x, test_y) = mnist.load_data()

# 数据预处理，这一步交给后面的tf.keras.layers.Flatten()实现
# X_train = train_x.reshape(60000, 28*28)
# X_test = test_x.reshape(10000, 28*28)

X_train, X_test = tf.cast(train_x/255.0, tf.float32), tf.cast(test_x/255.0,tf.float32)
y_train, y_test = tf.cast(train_y, tf.int16), tf.cast(test_y, tf.int16)

# 建立模型
model = tf.keras.Sequential()
model.add(tf.keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28, 28)))  # 数据拉直预处理
model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation="relu"))
model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation="softmax"))
model.summary()  # 查看模型结构

# 配置训练方法
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

# 训练模型
model.fit(X_train, y_train, batch_size=64, epochs=5, validation_split=0.2)

# 评估模型
model.evaluate(X_test, y_test, verbose=2)

# 使用模型--测试集中前四个数据
result = np.argmax(model.predict(X_test[0:4]), axis=1)
for i in range(4):
    plt.subplot(1, 4, i+1)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.imshow(test_x[i], cmap='gray')
    plt.title(str(test_y[i])+"\npred:"+str(result[i]))
plt.show()

结果

fashion数据集识别

程序

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fashion = tf.keras.datasets.fashion_mnist
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = fashion.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), validation_freq=1)
model.summary()

# 使用模型--测试集中前四个数据
result = np.argmax(model.predict(x_test[0:4]), axis=1)
for i in range(4):
    plt.subplot(1, 4, i+1)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.imshow(x_test[i], cmap='gray')
    plt.title(str(y_test[i])+"\npred:"+str(result[i]))
plt.show()

结果