类目、扩展和协议

1.类目(category)

类目的命名规则:类名+扩展方法，如“NSString+Revert”.

类目的接口声明与类的定义十分相似，但类目不继承父类，只需要带有一个括号，表明该类目的主要用途。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface NSString (Revert)
-(void)test;
@end

#import "NSString+Revert.h"

@implementation NSString (Revert)
-(void)test{
    NSLog(@"这是类目的测试");
}
@end

2.延展(Extension)

类的延展就如同是 “匿名” 的类目，延展中声明的方法在类本身的 

@implementation Person  和 它对应的 @end之间实现

#import "Person.h"
// 方法1 新建一个头文件，然后导入进来，再实现
/*
#import "Person_test.h"

@implementation Person

-(void)privateFunction{
    NSLog(@"延展测试");
}
 */

@interface Person ()
-(void) privateFunction;
@end

@implementation Person

-(void)privateFunction{
    NSLog(@"延展测试");
}


@end

3.协议 ( protocol)

协议的声明看起来比较类似一个类的接口，不同的是协议没有父类也不能定义实例变量。协议是一种特殊的程序设计结构，用于声明专门被别的类实现的方法。协议在以下场合非常有用：

①需要由别的类实现的方法

②声明未知类的接口

③两个类之间的通信

协议的基本特点

①协议可以被任何类实现的方法

②协议本身不是类，它是定义了一个其他类可实现的接口

③类目也可以采用协议

协议中的关键字

①@required：表示必须强制实现的方法

②@optional：表示可以有选择性的实现方法

下面的例子可以使用协议来进行传值

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "DelegateDataViewController.h"


@interface DelegateViewController : UIViewController<DelegateDataViewControllerDelegate>

@end

#import "DelegateViewController.h"

@interface DelegateViewController ()

@property(nonatomic,retain) UITextField *textField;

@end

@implementation DelegateViewController

- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
        // Custom initialization
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    self.view.backgroundColor =[UIColor scrollViewTexturedBackgroundColor];
    
    _textField=[[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 30)];
    _textField.backgroundColor=[UIColor whiteColor];
    _textField.textAlignment=NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    [self.view addSubview:_textField];
    
    
    UIButton *getDataButton=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [getDataButton setFrame:CGRectMake(100, 80, 80, 80)];
    [getDataButton setTitle:@"获取数据" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [getDataButton addTarget:self action:@selector(getData) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:getDataButton];
    
    UIButton *disButton=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
    [disButton setFrame:CGRectMake(100, 150, 80, 32)];
    [disButton setTitle:@"返回主菜单" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [disButton addTarget:self action:@selector(disAction) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:disButton];
}

-(void) getData
{
    DelegateDataViewController *deleVC=[[DelegateDataViewController alloc]init];
    deleVC.delegate=self;
    [self presentViewController:deleVC animated:YES completion:nil];
    
}


-(void) disAction
{
    [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}

-(void) sendText:(NSString *)text
{
    self.textField.text=text;
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

@end

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@protocol DelegateDataViewControllerDelegate <NSObject>

-(void)sendText:(NSString *)text;

@end

@interface DelegateDataViewController : UIViewController

@property (assign,nonatomic) id<DelegateDataViewControllerDelegate> delegate;

@end

#import "DelegateDataViewController.h"

@interface DelegateDataViewController ()

@end

@implementation DelegateDataViewController

- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
        // Custom initialization
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    [self setUIView];
}

-(void) setUIView
{
    self.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor groupTableViewBackgroundColor];
    
    UIButton *button1=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [button1 setFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 50)];
    [button1 setTitle:@"1" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [button1 addTarget:self action:@selector(dataButtonAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:button1];
    
    UIButton *button2=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [button2 setFrame:CGRectMake(100, 200, 100, 50)];
    [button2 setTitle:@"2" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [button2 addTarget:self action:@selector(dataButtonAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:button2];
}

-(void) dataButtonAction:(UIButton *)button
{
    if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(sendText:)]) {
        [self.delegate sendText:button.titleLabel.text];
    }
    [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}



- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

@end

定时器(NSTimer) 的基本概念

一旦创建了一个定时器对象(NSTimer实例)，它可以按照一定时间的间隔，将指定消息发送到目标对象，并更新某个对象的行为，你可以选择在未来的某个时候将它“开启”，或者将它停止乃至销毁。

NSRunloop基本概念

一个runloop就是一个事件处理的循环，用来不停的调度工作以及处理输入事件。使用run loop 的目的是让你的线程在有工作的时候忙于工作，而没工作的时候处于休眠状态。

在我们的应用程序中，你不需要创建NSRunloop对象。因为，在我们的主线程中(包括其他子线程) 系统会自动创建NSRunloop对象。如果你需要访问当前线程中的runloop，你可以通过类方法 "currentRunloop"