java反射学习(1):反射的基本操作

一 用class.forname反射获取对象(必须要一个无参的构造函数)

package com.learing._01;

class Student{
	
	 public Student(){
		 System.out.println("Student类的构造方法");
	 }
	 
	 @Override
	 public String toString(){
		 return "Student类的toString()方法";
	 }
}

public class ReflectDemo {
	
	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
		Class<?> cls = Class.forName("com.learing._01.Student");
		Object obj = cls.newInstance();
	}

}

输出结果

二 获取构造方法

package com.learing._01;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

public class ReflectStringDemo {
	 
	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
		Class<?> cls = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
		Constructor<?> cons[] = cls.getConstructors();
		for(int i = 0 ; i < cons.length ; i++){
			System.out.println(cons[i]);
		}
	}

}

输出结果

三 通过构造方法实例化对象

package com.learing._01;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

class Student {

	private String name;

	private Integer age;

	public Student(String name, Integer age) {

		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Student() {

	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}

}

public class ReflectDemo {

	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
		Class<?> cls = Class.forName("com.learing._01.Student");
		Constructor<?> cons = cls.getConstructor(String.class,Integer.class);
		Object obj = cons.newInstance("SMITH",20);
		System.out.println(obj.toString());
	}

}

输出结果

四 通过反射获取方法

此功能用于IDE开发工具,当输入一“.”时候,会出来该类有哪些方法

package com.learing._01;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

interface Message{
	public void get();
}

class Student implements Message{

	@Override
	public void get() {}
	
	public void print(String name,int age){}
	
	public void fun() throws Exception{}
	

	
}

public class ReflectDemo {

	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
		Class<?> cls = Class.forName("com.learing._01.Student");
		Method met[] = cls.getMethods();
		for(int i = 0 ; i < met.length ; i++){
			
			//以下 partA的输出和partB一样
			
			// partA
//			System.out.println(met[i]);
			
			// partB start
			
			System.out.print(Modifier.toString(met[i].getModifiers())+" ");//得到修饰符 public final native
			System.out.print(met[i].getReturnType().getSimpleName()+" ");//得到返回类型  void
			System.out.print(met[i].getName()+"("); // 得到方法名 get,print
			Class<?> params[] = met[i].getParameterTypes(); //得到方法的参数类型
			if(params!=null&¶ms.length > 0 ){
				for(int j = 0 ; j < params.length ; j++){
					System.out.print(params[j].getSimpleName()+""); //取参数
					if(j<params.length-1){
						System.out.print(" , ");
					}
				}
				
			}
			System.out.print(") ");
			Class<?> exceps[] =  met[i].getExceptionTypes(); //获取异常
			if( exceps!=null && exceps.length>0 ){
				System.out.print(" throws ");
				for(int j = 0 ; j < exceps.length ; j++){
					System.out.print(exceps[j].getSimpleName());
					if(j < exceps.length -1){
						System.out.print(", ");
					}
				}
			}
			
			System.out.println();
			// partB end
			
			
		}
	}

}

输出结果

五 反射调用方法

package com.learing._01;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;


class Student{
	private String name;
	public void setName(String name){
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getName(){
		return name;
	}
}

public class ReflectDemo {
	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
		Class<?> cls = Class.forName("com.learing._01.Student");
		Object obj = cls.newInstance(); //实例化对象
		Method setNameMethod = cls.getMethod("setName", String.class);
		Method getNameMethod = cls.getMethod("getName");
		setNameMethod.invoke(obj, "SMITH"); // 对象.setName("SMITH");
		System.out.println(getNameMethod.invoke(obj));
	}
	
}

输出结果

六 属性操作

package com.learing._01;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

interface Message{
	 public static final String INFO = "hello world";
}

class Person{
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
}



class Student extends Person implements Message{
	private String school;
	private Double price;
	
}

public class ReflectDemo {
	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
		Class<?> cls = Class.forName("com.learing._01.Student");
		{ 
			//取得继承而来的全部属性
			System.out.println();
			Field fields[] = cls.getFields();
			System.out.println("继承而来的属性");
			for(int i = 0 ; i <  fields.length ; i++){
				System.out.println(fields[i]);
			}
		}
		{
			//取得本类定义的全部属性
			System.out.println();
			Field fields[] = cls.getDeclaredFields();
			System.out.println("本类定义的全部属性");
			for(int i = 0 ; i <  fields.length ; i++){
				System.out.println(fields[i]);
			}
		}
		{
			//取得父类属性
			System.out.println();
			Field fields[] = cls.getSuperclass().getDeclaredFields(); 
			System.out.println("父类属性定义的全部属性");
			for(int i = 0 ; i <  fields.length ; i++){
				System.out.println(fields[i]);
			}
		}
		
		{  //操作属性
		  System.out.println();
		  System.out.println("属性的操作");
		  Object obj = cls.newInstance();
		  Field schoolField = cls.getDeclaredField("school");
		  schoolField.setAccessible(true);//以为school属性为private ,setAccessible可以操作该属性
		  schoolField.set(obj,"清华大学");
		  System.out.println(schoolField.get(obj));
		}
	}
	
}

输出结果