第105章、蓝牙（从零开始学Android）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 20:53:55 发布

蒋会全

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 20:53:55 发布

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分类专栏： Android 从零开始学Android 文章标签： Android

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　　蓝牙，是一种支持设备短距离通信（一般10m内，且无阻隔媒介）的无线电技术。能在包括移动电话、PDA、无线耳机、笔记本电脑、蓝牙打印机等众多设备之间进行无线信息交换。

1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限

      
   1<STRONG> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> 
 
   2<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> </STRONG>

2. 配置本机蓝牙模块

在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter

 
   01BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 
 
   02//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板 
 
   03Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); 
 
   04startActivityForResult(intent,  0x1); 
 
   05//直接打开蓝牙 
 
   06adapter.enable(); 
 
   07//关闭蓝牙 
 
   08adapter.disable(); 
 
   09//打开本机的蓝牙发现功能（默认打开120秒，可以将时间最多延长至300秒） 
 
   10discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间（最多300秒）Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);

3.搜索蓝牙设备

使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备

startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法，调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索，该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后，搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的，所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索（该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用）。

请求Discovery后，系统开始搜索蓝牙设备，在这个过程中，系统会发送以下三个广播：

ACTION_DISCOVERY_START：开始搜索

ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED：搜索结束

ACTION_FOUND：找到设备，这个Intent中包含两个extra fields：EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS，分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。

我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播，以便实现某些功能

       
   01// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver 
 
   02private  final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { 
 
   03public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { 
 
   04String action = intent.getAction(); 
 
   05// 发现设备 
 
   06if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { 
 
   07// 从Intent中获取设备对象 
 
   08BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); 
 
   09// 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter，以便在ListView中显示 
 
   10mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); 
 
   11}  
 
   12}  
 
   13}; 
 
   14// 注册BroadcastReceiver 
 
   15IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); 
 
   16registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定

4. 蓝牙Socket通信

如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接，则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket，这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的，而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。

服务器端的实现

通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket（UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对）

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求，如果收到请求，则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例（此方法为block方法，应置于新线程中）

如果不想在accept其他的连接，则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源（调用该方法后，之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接，则一般在accept一个连接后，便close掉BluetoothServerSocket）

 
   01private  class AcceptThread extends Thread { 
 
   02private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; 
 
   03
 
   04public AcceptThread() { 
 
   05// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, 
 
   06// because mmServerSocket is final 
 
   07BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null; 
 
   08try { 
 
   09// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code 
 
   10tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); 
 
   11}  catch (IOException e) { } 
 
   12mmServerSocket = tmp; 
 
   13}  
 
   14
 
   15public void run() { 
 
   16BluetoothSocket socket = null; 
 
   17// Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned 
 
   18while (true) { 
 
   19try { 
 
   20socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); 
 
   21}  catch (IOException e) { 
 
   22break; 
 
   23}  
 
   24// If a connection was accepted 
 
   25if (socket != null) { 
 
   26// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) 
 
   27manageConnectedSocket(socket); 
 
   28mmServerSocket.close(); 
 
   29break; 
 
   30}  
 
   31}  
 
   32}  
 
   33
 
   34/** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */
 
   35public void cancel() {  
 
   36try { 
 
   37mmServerSocket.close(); 
 
   38}  catch (IOException e) { } 
 
   39}  
 
   40}

客户端的实现

通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService

调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket（该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID）

调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法（该方法为block方法），如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配，并且连接被服务器端accept，则connect()方法返回

注意：在调用connect()方法之前，应当确定当前没有搜索设备，否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败

 
   01<STRONG> private class ConnectThread  extends Thread {  
 
   02private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 
 
   03private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; 
 
   04
 
   05public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { 
 
   06// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, 
 
   07// because mmSocket is final 
 
   08BluetoothSocket tmp = null; 
 
   09mmDevice = device; 
 
   10
 
   11// Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice 
 
   12try { 
 
   13// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code 
 
   14tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); 
 
   15}  catch (IOException e) { } 
 
   16mmSocket = tmp; 
 
   17}  
 
   18
 
   19public void run() { 
 
   20// Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection 
 
   21mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 
 
   22
 
   23try { 
 
   24// Connect the device through the socket. This will block 
 
   25// until it succeeds or throws an exception 
 
   26mmSocket.connect(); 
 
   27}  catch (IOException connectException) { 
 
   28// Unable to connect; close the socket and get out 
 
   29try { 
 
   30mmSocket.close(); 
 
   31}  catch (IOException closeException) { } 
 
   32return; 
 
   33}  
 
   34
 
   35// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) 
 
   36manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket); 
 
   37}  
 
   38
 
   39/** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */
 
   40public void cancel() {  
 
   41try { 
 
   42mmSocket.close(); 
 
   43}  catch (IOException e) { } 
 
   44}  
 
   45} </STRONG>

连接管理（数据通信）

分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream

使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作

注意：read(bytes[])方法会一直block，知道从流中读取到信息，而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block（比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下，write方法会block）

 
   01<STRONG> private class ConnectedThread  extends Thread {  
 
   02private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 
 
   03private final InputStream mmInStream; 
 
   04private final OutputStream mmOutStream; 
 
   05
 
   06public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { 
 
   07mmSocket = socket; 
 
   08InputStream tmpIn = null; 
 
   09OutputStream tmpOut = null; 
 
   10
 
   11// Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because 
 
   12// member streams are final 
 
   13try { 
 
   14tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); 
 
   15tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); 
 
   16}  catch (IOException e) { } 
 
   17
 
   18mmInStream = tmpIn; 
 
   19mmOutStream = tmpOut; 
 
   20}  
 
   21
 
   22public void run() { 
 
   23byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // buffer store for the stream 
 
   24int bytes; // bytes returned from read() 
 
   25
 
   26// Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs 
 
   27while (true) { 
 
   28try { 
 
   29// Read from the InputStream 
 
   30bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); 
 
   31// Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity 
 
   32mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer) 
 
   33.sendToTarget(); 
 
   34}  catch (IOException e) { 
 
   35break; 
 
   36}  
 
   37}  
 
   38}  
 
   39
 
   40/* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */ 
 
   41public void write(byte[] bytes) { 
 
   42try { 
 
   43mmOutStream.write(bytes); 
 
   44} catch (IOException e) { } 
 
   45}  
 
   46
 
   47/* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */
 
   48public void cancel() {  
 
   49try { 
 
   50mmSocket.close(); 
 
   51}  catch (IOException e) { } 
 
   52}  
 
   53} </STRONG>