DDD操作系统实验（三）

进程创建

1. 在Linux下练习使用fork()创建进程

1. 如果父进程要等待子进程结束再进行；

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
    pid_t pid;
    pid = fork();
    if (pid < 0){
        printf("fork failed!\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    else if (pid == 0){
        printf("Child Begin\nChildPid:%d\n",getpid());
    }
    else{
        wait(NULL);
        printf("Child Complete\n");
        printf("Parent Begin\nParentPid:%d\n",getpid());
        printf("Parent Complete\n");
        exit(0);
    }
}

2)如果父进程不等待子进程。注释wait
结论：如果父进程要等待子进程，父进程调用wait函数后阻塞，当子进程结束后，系统给父进程发送sigchild信号来唤醒父进程，然后父进程执行
如果父进程不等待子进程，父进程会先执行完毕后，再开始执行子进程

2.创建子进程

满足下列要求：

1. 先让子进程输出当前所在路径
2. 再让父进程在当前目录下新建一个名为hise的文件夹
3. 输出子进程和父进程的pid号
4. 最后让父进程将本程序源码文件（.c）拷贝到新建的hise文件夹

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
int main(){
    pid_t pid = fork();
    int fd[2];
    int fd_file = open("./lab2.c",O_RDONLY);
    if( pid < 0) {
        exit(-1);
    }
    else if(pid == 0) {
        char path1[1024] = {0};
        getcwd(path1, sizeof(path1));
        printf("child path1 = %s\n", path1);
        write(fd[1], path1, strlen(path1));
        printf("child PID = %d, parent PID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
    }
    else {
        wait(NULL);
        char path2[1024] = {0};
        char buf[1024];
        fcntl(fd[0], F_SETFL);
        read(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
        if(mkdir("hise", 0755)) {
            perror("mkdir");
            exit(1);
        }
        chdir("hise");
        int fd_file2 = open("./cplab2.c",O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644);
        char buf2[1024];
        memset(buf2, 0, 1024);
        while(read(fd_file, buf2, sizeof(buf2)-1) > 0 ) {
            write(fd_file2, buf2, strlen(buf2));
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

3.一个父进程创建多个子进程

pid_t  pid1, pid2;
pid1=fork();
Int counter = 0;
if(pid1==0){
   counter = counter + 1; 
printf("%d %d\n",counter,getpid());
}
pid2=fork(); 
if(pid2==0) {
    counter = counter + 2; 
printf("%d %d\n",counter,getpid());
} 
else {
    waitpid(pid1,NULL,0);
    waitpid(pid2,NULL,0);
    counter = counter + 100;
printf("%d %d\n",counter,getpid());
}

发现无法运行，输出结果说明文件中无循环结构但输出了五个数据，说明了其中子进程又创建了子进程

改成如下即可

#将其下方一组if-else放到一个else中即可
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
int main(){
    pid_t pid1, pid2;
    pid1=fork();
    int counter = 0;
    if(pid1==0) {
        counter = counter + 1;
        printf("%d %d\n",counter,getpid());
    }
    else{
        pid2=fork();
        if(pid2==0) {
            counter = counter + 2;
            printf("%d %d\n",counter,getpid());
        }
        else{
            waitpid(pid1,NULL,0);
            waitpid(pid2,NULL,0);
            counter = counter + 100;
            printf("%d %d\n",counter,getpid());
        }
    }
}

进程间通信

#producer
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
    const int SIZE = 4096;
    const char *name = "OS";
    const char *message_0 = "Hello";
    const char *message_1 = "World!";
    int shm_fd;
    void *ptr;
    shm_fd = shm_open(name,O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0666);
    ftruncate(shm_fd,SIZE);
    ptr = mmap(0,SIZE,PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,shm_fd,0);

    sprintf(ptr,"%s",message_0);
    ptr+=strlen(message_0);
    sprintf(ptr,"%s",message_1);
    ptr+=strlen(message_1);

    return 0;
}
~  

#consumer
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
    const int SIZE = 4096;
    const char *name ="OS";
    int shm_fd;
    void *ptr;
    shm_fd = shm_open(name,O_RDONLY,0666);

    ptr = mmap(0,SIZE,PROT_READ,MAP_SHARED,shm_fd,0);
    printf("%s",(char *)ptr);
    shm_unlink(name);

    return 0;
}

实验结果说明，POSIX常用于线程；system v常用于进程的同步
POSIX 在无竞争条件下，不需要陷入内核，执行系统调用，性能占用小
System V 无论有无竞争都要执行系统调用，性能占用高