Karma自动化测试

Karma自动化测试

什么时候启用自动化测试?

项目开发到后期,版本相对稳定,需要进行反复测试的情况下可以考虑启用自动化测试,但不能完全替代手工测试,自动化测试仅是减去测试人员反复测试的工作量.

Angularjs测试环境搭建

1. 安装node.js
2. 安装karma(在软件根目录安装)
   npm install -g karma
npm install karma-qunit --save-dev
npm install karma-chrome-launcher --save-dev

3. karma init配置karma.config.js

Controller测试用例

JS:
.controller("defaultCtrl", function ($scope, $http, $interval, $timeout, $log) {

        $scope.intervalCounter = 0;
        $scope.timerCounter = 0;

        $interval(function () {
            $scope.intervalCounter++;
        }, 5, 10);

        $timeout(function () {
            $scope.timerCounter++;
        }, 5);
        $scope.products=[];
        $http.get("productData.json").success(function (data) {
            $scope.products = data;
            $log.log("There are " + data.length + " items");
        });

        $scope.counter = 0;

        $scope.incrementCounter = function () {
            $scope.counter++;
        }
    })
Controller Test:
describe("Controller Test", function () {
    // Arrange
    var mockScope, controller, backend, mockInterval, mockTimeout, mockLog;
    //angular.mock用于创建模拟模块和解决依赖关系。
    beforeEach(angular.mock.module("exampleApp"));
    //测试前执行的函数
    beforeEach(angular.mock.inject(function ($httpBackend) {//inject解决依赖关系注入到一个函数。
        backend = $httpBackend;
        backend.expect("GET", "productData.json").respond(//模拟Ajax
        [{ "name": "Apples", "category": "Fruit", "price": 1.20 },
        { "name": "Bananas", "category": "Fruit", "price": 2.42 },
        { "name": "Pears", "category": "Fruit", "price": 2.02 }]);
    }));

    beforeEach(angular.mock.inject(function ($controller, $rootScope,
            $http, $interval, $timeout, $log) {//依赖注入
        mockScope = $rootScope.$new();//Creates a new scope
        mockInterval = $interval;
        mockTimeout = $timeout;
        mockLog = $log;
        //$controller(name) Creates an instance of the specified controller
        $controller("defaultCtrl", {
            $scope: mockScope,
            $http: $http,
            $interval: mockInterval,
            $timeout: mockTimeout,
            $log: mockLog
        });
        backend.flush();//解决$http承诺
    }));

    // Act and Assess
    it("Creates variable", function () {
        expect(mockScope.counter).toEqual(0);
    })

    it("Increments counter", function () {
        mockScope.incrementCounter();
        expect(mockScope.counter).toEqual(1);//判断值mockScope.counter==1?
    });

    it("Makes an Ajax request", function () {
        backend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();
    });

    it("Processes the data", function () {
        expect(mockScope.products).toBeDefined();
        expect(mockScope.products.length).toEqual(3);
    });

    it("Preserves the data order", function () {
        expect(mockScope.products[0].name).toEqual("Apples");
        expect(mockScope.products[1].name).toEqual("Bananas");
        expect(mockScope.products[2].name).toEqual("Pears");
    });

    it("Limits interval to 10 updates", function () {
        for (var i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
            mockInterval.flush(5000);
        }
        expect(mockScope.intervalCounter).toEqual(10);
    });

    it("Increments timer counter", function () {
        mockTimeout.flush(5000);
        expect(mockScope.timerCounter).toEqual(1);
    });

    it("Writes log messages", function () {
        expect(mockLog.log.logs.length).toEqual(1);
    });

});

Filter测试用例

JS:
.filter("labelCase", function () {
        return function (value, reverse) {
            if (angular.isString(value)) {
                var intermediate = reverse ? value.toUpperCase() : value.toLowerCase();
                return (reverse ? intermediate[0].toLowerCase() :
                    intermediate[0].toUpperCase()) + intermediate.substr(1);
            } else {
                return value;
            }
        };
    })
Filter Tests:
describe("Filter Tests", function () {

    var filterInstance;

    beforeEach(angular.mock.module("exampleApp"));

    beforeEach(angular.mock.inject(function ($filter) {
        filterInstance = $filter("labelCase");
    }));

    it("Changes case", function () {
        var result = filterInstance("test phrase");
        expect(result).toEqual("Test phrase");
    });

    it("Reverse case", function () {
        var result = filterInstance("test phrase", true);
        expect(result).toEqual("tEST PHRASE");
    });

});

Directive测试用例

js:
.directive("unorderedList", function () {
        return function (scope, element, attrs) {
            var data = scope[attrs["unorderedList"]];
            if (angular.isArray(data)) {
                var listElem = angular.element("<ul>");
                element.append(listElem);
                for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                    listElem.append(angular.element('<li>').text(data[i].name));
                }
            }
        }
    })
Directive Tests:
describe("Directive Tests", function () {

    var mockScope;
    var compileService;

    beforeEach(angular.mock.module("exampleApp"));

    beforeEach(angular.mock.inject(function ($rootScope, $compile) {
        mockScope = $rootScope.$new();
        compileService = $compile;
        mockScope.data = [
            { name: "Apples", category: "Fruit", price: 1.20, expiry: 10 },
            { name: "Bananas", category: "Fruit", price: 2.42, expiry: 7 },
            { name: "Pears", category: "Fruit", price: 2.02, expiry: 6 }];
    }));

    it("Generates list elements", function () {

        var compileFn = compileService("<div unordered-list='data'></div>");
        var elem = compileFn(mockScope);

        expect(elem.children("ul").length).toEqual(1);
        expect(elem.find("li").length).toEqual(3);
        expect(elem.find("li").eq(0).text()).toEqual("Apples");
        expect(elem.find("li").eq(1).text()).toEqual("Bananas");
        expect(elem.find("li").eq(2).text()).toEqual("Pears");
    });

});

Service测试用例

js:
.factory("counterService", function () {
        var counter = 0;
        return {
            incrementCounter: function () {
                counter++;
            },
            getCounter: function () {
                return counter;
            }
        }
    });
Service Tests
describe("Service Tests", function () {

    beforeEach(angular.mock.module("exampleApp"));

    it("Increments the counter", function () {
        angular.mock.inject(function (counterService) {
            expect(counterService.getCounter()).toEqual(0);
            counterService.incrementCounter();
            expect(counterService.getCounter()).toEqual(1);
        });
    });
});