如果在C#用WM_COPYDATA消息来实现两个进程之间传递数据

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简介:

本文着重讲述了如果用 WM_COPYDATA消息来实现两个 进程之间传递数据.


进程之间通讯的几种方法:

在Windows程序中，各个进程之间常常需要交换数据，进行数据通讯。常用的方法有

• 使用内存映射文件
• 通过共享内存DLL共享内存
• 使用SendMessage向另一进程发送WM_COPYDATA消息

比起前两种的复杂实现来,WM_COPYDATA消息无疑是一种经济实惠的一中方法.

WM_COPYDATA消息的主要目的是允许在进程间传递只读数据。Windows在通过WM_COPYDATA消息传递期间，不提供继承同步方式。SDK文档推荐用户使用SendMessage函数，接受方在数据拷贝完成前不返回，这样发送方就不可能删除和修改数据：

这个函数的原型及其要用到的结构如下: 

SendMessage(hwnd,WM_COPYDATA,wParam,lParam);

其中,WM_COPYDATA对应的十六进制数为0x004A

wParam设置为包含数据的窗口的句柄。lParam指向一个COPYDATASTRUCT的结构： 

typedef struct tagCOPYDATASTRUCT{
    DWORD dwData;//用户定义数据
    DWORD cbData;//数据大小
    PVOID lpData;//指向数据的指针
}COPYDATASTRUCT;

该结构用来定义用户数据。


具体过程如下:

首先,在发送方,用FindWindow找到接受方的句柄,然后向接受方发送WM_COPYDATA消息.

接受方在DefWndProc事件中,来处理这条消息.由于中文编码是两个字节,所以传递中文时候字节长度要搞清楚.

代码中有适量的解释,大家请自己看吧.

具体代码如下: 
//---------------------------------------------------
//发送方:
//---------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace WindowsFormGetMsg
{
    public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
        const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                if (components != null)
                {
                    components.Dispose();
                }
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            //
            // textBox1
            //
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(176, 32);
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 21);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.textBox1.Text = "textBox1";
            //
            // Form1
            //
            this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(432, 266);
            this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] { this.textBox1 });
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "接收方";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
        }
        #endregion

        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

        protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
        {
            switch (m.Msg)
            {
            //接收自定义消息 USER，并显示其参数
            case WM_COPYDATA:
                COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
                Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
                mystr = (COPYDATASTRUCT) m.GetLParam(mytype);
                this.textBox1.Text = mystr.lpData;

                break;
            default:
                base.DefWndProc(ref m);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
    {
        public IntPtr dwData;
        public int cbData;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
        public string lpData;
    }
}

//---------------------------------------------------
//接受方
//---------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace WindowsFormGetMsg
{
    public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
        const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                if (components != null)
                {
                    components.Dispose();
                }
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            //
            // textBox1
            //
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(176, 32);
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 21);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.textBox1.Text = "textBox1";
            //
            // Form1
            //
            this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(432, 266);
            this.Controls.AddRange(new

         System.Windows.Forms.Control[] { this.textBox1 });
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "接收方";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }
        #endregion

        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

        protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
        {
            switch (m.Msg)
            {
            //接收自定义消息 USER，并显示其参数
            case WM_COPYDATA:
                COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new

           COPYDATASTRUCT();
                Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
                mystr = (COPYDATASTRUCT) m.GetLParam(mytype);
                this.textBox1.Text = mystr.lpData;

                break;
            default:
                base.DefWndProc(ref m);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
    {
        public IntPtr dwData;
        public int cbData;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
        public string lpData;
    }
}