1、问题
Observer模式要解决的问题是:建立一个“一”对“多”的依赖关系。当这个“一”发生变化的时候,依赖这个“一”的“多”也能同时改变。这里中,“一”即是Subject,“多”即是Observer。
举个简单的例子:同一组数据能够以表格、柱状图、百分比的形式来表示。当然这些表示形式都依赖于这一组数据,当这一组数据改变的时候,这些表示形式也要做相应的改变。
2、结构图
3、Code --C++
// observer.h
#ifndef OBSERVER_H
#define OBSERVER_H
#include <list>
typedef int STATE;
class Observer;
// Subject 抽象基类
class Subject
{
public:
Subject() : m_nSubjectState(-1){}
virtual ~Subject();
void Notify(); // 通知对象改变状态
void Attach(Observer *pObserver); // 新增对象
void Detach(Observer *pObserver); // 删除对象
virtual void SetState(STATE nState); // 设置状态
virtual STATE GetState(); // 得到状态
protected:
STATE m_nSubjectState; // 模拟保存Subject状态的变量
std::list<Observer*> m_ListObserver; // 保存Observer指针的链表
};
// Subject 派生类
class ConcreateSubject : public Subject
{
public:
ConcreateSubject() : Subject(){}
virtual ~ConcreateSubject(){}
virtual void SetState(STATE nState); // 设置状态
virtual STATE GetState(); // 得到状态
};
// Observer 抽象基类
class Observer
{
public:
Observer() : m_nObserverState(-1){}
virtual ~Observer(){}
virtual void Update(Subject* pSubject) = 0; // 通知Observer状态发生了变化
protected:
STATE m_nObserverState; // 模拟保存Observer状态的变量
};
// Observer 派生类
class ConcreateObserver : public Observer
{
public:
ConcreateObserver() : Observer(){}
virtual ~ConcreateObserver(){}
virtual void Update(Subject* pSubject);
};
#endif
// observer.cpp
#include "Observer.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
// Subject类
void Subject::Attach(Observer *pObserver)
{
std::cout << "Attach an Observer\n";
m_ListObserver.push_back(pObserver);
}
void Subject::Detach(Observer *pObserver)
{
std::list<Observer*>::iterator iter;
iter = std::find(m_ListObserver.begin(), m_ListObserver.end(), pObserver);
if (m_ListObserver.end() != iter)
{
m_ListObserver.erase(iter);
}
std::cout << "Detach an Observer\n";
}
void Subject::Notify()
{
std::cout << "Notify Observers's State\n";
std::list<Observer*>::iterator iter1, iter2;
for (iter1 = m_ListObserver.begin(), iter2 = m_ListObserver.end();
iter1 != iter2;
++iter1)
{
(*iter1)->Update(this);
}
}
void Subject::SetState(STATE nState)
{
std::cout << "SetState By Subject\n";
m_nSubjectState = nState;
}
STATE Subject::GetState()
{
std::cout << "GetState By Subject\n";
return m_nSubjectState;
}
Subject::~Subject()
{
std::list<Observer*>::iterator iter1, iter2, temp;
for (iter1 = m_ListObserver.begin(), iter2 = m_ListObserver.end();
iter1 != iter2;
)
{
temp = iter1;
++iter1;
delete (*temp);
}
m_ListObserver.clear();
}
// ConcreateSubject类
void ConcreateSubject::SetState(STATE nState)
{
std::cout << "SetState By ConcreateSubject\n";
m_nSubjectState = nState;
}
STATE ConcreateSubject::GetState()
{
std::cout << "GetState By ConcreateSubject\n";
return m_nSubjectState;
}
// ConcreateObserver类
void ConcreateObserver::Update(Subject* pSubject)
{
if (NULL == pSubject)
return;
m_nObserverState = pSubject->GetState();
std::cout << "The ObeserverState is " << m_nObserverState << std::endl;
}
// main.cpp
#include "Observer.h"
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
Observer *p1 = new ConcreateObserver;
Observer *p2 = new ConcreateObserver;
Subject* p = new ConcreateSubject;
p->Attach(p1);
p->Attach(p2);
p->SetState(4);
p->Notify();
p->Detach(p1);
p->SetState(10);
p->Notify();
delete p;
return 0;
}