R_3D图(五)

作者：李誉辉  

四川大学在读研究生 

前言

这篇是plot3D包绘图系列之五，也是本系列的最终篇。前一篇请戳：R_3D图(四)，原本分两篇连载，但有读者反应更新太慢，所以今天一并把最后内容都呈现给大家。感谢大家的转发和点赞。

5 辅助几何对象

• segments3D()在三维空间画直线段。
  

• arrows3D()在三维空间画箭头。
  

• box3D()在三维空间画立方体框。
  

• border3D()在三维空间画立方体
  

• polygon3D()在三维空间画多边形。
  

• rect3D()在三维空间画矩形。
  

• 二维空间的画图对象分别为：segments2D(), arrows2D(), rect2D(), polygon2D()。

语法：

arrows3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, z1 = z0, ...,  
         colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
         clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b", type = "triangle", 
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)

segments3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, z1 = z0, ..., 
         colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
         clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b", 
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)

box3D (x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1, ..., 
         colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
         panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)

border3D(x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1, ..., 
         colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
         clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b", 
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)  

rect3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = NULL, y1 = NULL, z1 = NULL, ..., 
         colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
         panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)

polygon3D (x, y, z, ..., 
         colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
         panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)  

arrows2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, 
         type = "triangle", add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)  

segments2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, 
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE) 

rect2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, 
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE) 

polygon2D (x, y, ..., colvar = NULL, 
         col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
         border = NA, facets = TRUE,
         colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, 
         add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)

参数解释：

• x0, y0, z0, 表示起点坐标。
  

• x1, y1, z1, 表示结束点坐标。
  

• x, y, z, 表示多边形polygon的坐标。
  

• colvar, 同样表示着色变量。
  

• theta, phi, 同样表示指定观察方向，与persp()中一样。
  

• col, 同样表示指定颜色板。
  

• NAcol, 同样表示指定colvar缺失值显示的颜色。
  

• breaks, 表示指定colvar的断点，为数字向量，长度应该比col参数大1个。
  需要增序排列，默认自动增序排列。
  

• colkey, 为逻辑值或NULL(默认), 也可以用列表传递colkey参数。 当colkey = NULL时，若col参数是一个向量，才会自动添加图例，col参数是一个字符串则不添加图例。 设定colkey = list(plot = FALSE)则为图例留下空间，但不显示图例。colkey = FALSE则不绘制图例。
  

• border, 表示指定网格线的颜色，默认NA不显示网格线。

• facets, 为逻辑值或NA，表示是否显示网格面， 默认TRUE显示网格面，
  FALSE则显示白色网格面，并将