设计模式之单例

code address:

http://download.csdn.net/detail/kaikai_sk/9872762

单例模式的意义

有些对象我们只需要一个：线程池、缓存、硬件设备等
如果多个实例会有造成冲突、结果的不一致性等问题
是否可以用静态变量方式来实现？
或者程序员之间协商个全局变量？
单例模式：确保一个类最多只有一个实例，并提供一个全局访问点

类图

实现

package simple;

public class Singleton
{
    private static Singleton uniqueInstance;

    private Singleton()
    {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance()
    {
        if(uniqueInstance==null)
        {
            uniqueInstance=new Singleton();
        }
        return uniqueInstance;
    }
}

一个巧克力工厂的例子

package Factory;

import simple.Singleton;

public class ChocolateFactory
{
    private boolean empty;
    private boolean boiled;

    private static ChocolateFactory uniqueInstance;

    private ChocolateFactory()
    {

    }

    public static ChocolateFactory getInstance()
    {
        if(uniqueInstance==null)
        {
            uniqueInstance=new ChocolateFactory();
        }
        return uniqueInstance;
    }

    public void fill()
    {
        if(empty)
        {
            //添加原料动作
            empty=false;
            boiled=false;
        }
    }

    public void boil()
    {
        if(!empty && !boiled)
        {
            //煮沸
            boiled =true;
        }
    }

    public void drain()
    {
        if(!empty && boiled)
        {
            //倒出巧克力
            empty=true;
        }
    }
}

经典单例模式的优化

1. 多线程问题
   优化：
   同步（synchronized）getInstance方法

    public static synchronized ChocolateFactory getInstance()
     {

        if (uniqueInstance == null) 
        {
                    uniqueInstance = new ChocolateFactory();

            }
        }

        return uniqueInstance;

    }

“急切”创建实例

public static ChocolateFactory uniqueInstance = new ChocolateFactory ();

双重检查加锁

public volatile static ChocolateFactory uniqueInstance = null;
    public static ChocolateFactory getInstance() {

        if (uniqueInstance == null) {
            synchronized (ChocolateFactory.class) {
                if (uniqueInstance == null) {
                    uniqueInstance = new ChocolateFactory();
                }
            }
        }

        return uniqueInstance;

    }