Android应用对图片处理算是比较频繁的了,尤其是在程序加载大量图片和高分辨率图片时,最容易产生oom异常,下面是个人平时一些省内存加载方法
方法一:
- public Bitmap decodeFile(String filePath) {
- Bitmap bitmap = null;
- BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
- options.inPurgeable = true;
- try {
- BitmapFactory.Options.class.getField("inNativeAlloc").setBoolean(
- options, true);
- } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (SecurityException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- if (mFilePath != null) {
- bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(mFilePath, options);
- }
- return bitmap;
- }
方法二:
- public Bitmap ReadBitMap(Context context, int resId){
- BitmapFactory.Options opt = new BitmapFactory.Options();
- opt.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565; //小于ARGB_8888 样式大小
- opt.inPurgeable = true;
- opt.inInputShareable = true;
- //获取资源图片
- InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(resId);
- return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is,null,opt);
- }
how to calucate bitmap size
- int calculateBitmapSize(Bitmap candidate,Resources res, int resId){
- BitmapFactory.Options targetOptions=new BitmapFactory.Options();
- targetOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
- BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, targetOptions);
- int width = targetOptions.outWidth / targetOptions.inSampleSize;
- int height = targetOptions.outHeight / targetOptions.inSampleSize;
- int byteCount = width * height * getBytesPerPixel(candidate.getConfig());
- return byteCount;
- }
- /**
- * A helper function to return the byte usage per pixel of a bitmap based on its configuration.
- */
- static int getBytesPerPixel(Config config) {
- if (config == Config.ARGB_8888) {
- return 4;
- } else if (config == Config.RGB_565) {
- return 2;
- } else if (config == Config.ARGB_4444) {
- return 2;
- } else if (config == Config.ALPHA_8) {
- return 1;
- }
- return 1;
- }
指定尺寸压缩:
- public static int calculateInSampleSize(
- BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
- // Raw height and width of image
- final int height = options.outHeight;
- final int width = options.outWidth;
- int inSampleSize = 1;
- if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
- final int halfHeight = height / 2;
- final int halfWidth = width / 2;
- // Calculate the largest inSampleSize value that is a power of 2 and keeps both
- // height and width larger than the requested height and width.
- while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) > reqHeight
- && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) > reqWidth) {
- inSampleSize *= 2;
- }
- }
- return inSampleSize;
- }
- public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
- int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
- // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
- final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
- options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
- BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
- // Calculate inSampleSize
- options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);
- // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
- options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
- return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
- }
如果你的控件大小小于原始图片大小,那么就需要对图片进行压缩处理,来减少内存使用。
现在知道了原图片的尺寸,根据实际情况决定你要加载它缩小多少倍后的图片。例如你用一个128x96的ImageView显示一张1024x768的原图,根本没有必要把原图读加载到内存。加载一张缩小后的图片到内存,只需要把BitmapFactory.Options对象的inSampleSize设为true,
然后给inSampleSize设一个值就行了(可以理解inSampleSize为n,图片就缩小到1/n大小)。
- public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
- int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
- // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
- final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
- options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
- BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
- // Calculate inSampleSize
- options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);
- // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
- options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
- return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
- }
- public static int calculateInSampleSize(
- BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
- // Raw height and width of image
- final int height = options.outHeight;
- final int width = options.outWidth;
- int inSampleSize = 1;
- if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
- if (width > height) {
- inSampleSize = Math.round((float)height / (float)reqHeight);
- } else {
- inSampleSize = Math.round((float)width / (float)reqWidth);
- }
- }
- return inSampleSize;
- }
官方压缩计算:更新2016-07-16
- public static int calculateInSampleSize(
- BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
- // Raw height and width of image
- final int height = options.outHeight;
- final int width = options.outWidth;
- int inSampleSize = 1;
- if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
- final int halfHeight = height / 2;
- final int halfWidth = width / 2;
- // Calculate the largest inSampleSize value that is a power of 2 and keeps both
- // height and width larger than the requested height and width.
- while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) >= reqHeight
- && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) >= reqWidth) {
- inSampleSize *= 2;
- }
- }
- return inSampleSize;
- }
- public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
- int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
- // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
- final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
- options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
- BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
- // Calculate inSampleSize
- options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);
- // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
- options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
- return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
- }
方法三:使用内存缓存
对于缓存,没有大小或者规则适用于所有应用,它依赖于你分析自己应用的内存使用确定自己的方案。
缓存太小可能只会增加额外的内存使用,缓存太大可能会导致内存溢出或者应用其它模块可使用内存太小
- private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- ...
- // Get max available VM memory, exceeding this amount will throw an
- // OutOfMemory exception. Stored in kilobytes as LruCache takes an
- // int in its constructor.
- final int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024);
- // Use 1/8th of the available memory for this memory cache.
- final int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8;
- mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
- @Override
- protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
- // The cache size will be measured in kilobytes rather than
- // number of items.
- return bitmap.getByteCount() / 1024;
- }
- };
- ...
- }
- public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
- if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
- mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
- }
- }
- public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemCache(String key) {
- return mMemoryCache.get(key);
- }
- public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
- final String imageKey = String.valueOf(resId);
- final Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemCache(imageKey);
- if (bitmap != null) {
- mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
- } else {
- mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.image_placeholder);
- BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(mImageView);
- task.execute(resId);
- }
- }
BitmapWorkerTask加载图片后,也要把图片缓存到内存中:
- class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask {
- ...
- // Decode image in background.
- @Override
- protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
- final Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
- getResources(), params[0], 100, 100));
- addBitmapToMemoryCache(String.valueOf(params[0]), bitmap);
- return bitmap;
- }
- ...
- }
方法四:使用磁盘缓存
你的应用也有可能被其他任务打断,如电话呼入,应用在后台有可能会被结束,这样缓存的数据也会丢失。
当用户回到应用时,所有的图片还需要重新获取一遍。
磁盘缓存可应用到这种场景中,它可以减少你获取图片的次数,当然,从磁盘获取图片比从内存中获取要慢的多,所以它需要在非UI线程中完成。
示例代码中是磁盘缓存的一个实现,在Android4.0源码中(libcore/luni/src/main/Java/libcore/io/DiskLruCache.java),
有更加强大和推荐的一个实现,它的向后兼容使在已发布过的库中很方便使用它
- private DiskLruCache mDiskCache;
- private static final int DISK_CACHE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 10; // 10MB
- private static final String DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR = "thumbnails";
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- ...
- // Initialize memory cache
- ...
- File cacheDir = getCacheDir(this, DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR);
- mDiskCache = DiskLruCache.openCache(this, cacheDir, DISK_CACHE_SIZE);
- ...
- }
- class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask {
- ...
- // Decode image in background.
- @Override
- protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
- final String imageKey = String.valueOf(params[0]);
- // Check disk cache in background thread
- Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromDiskCache(imageKey);
- if (bitmap == null) { // Not found in disk cache
- // Process as normal
- final Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
- getResources(), params[0], 100, 100));
- }
- // Add final bitmap to caches
- addBitmapToCache(String.valueOf(imageKey, bitmap);
- return bitmap;
- }
- ...
- }
- public void addBitmapToCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
- // Add to memory cache as before
- if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
- mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
- }
- // Also add to disk cache
- if (!mDiskCache.containsKey(key)) {
- mDiskCache.put(key, bitmap);
- }
- }
- public Bitmap getBitmapFromDiskCache(String key) {
- return mDiskCache.get(key);
- }
- // Creates a unique subdirectory of the designated app cache directory. Tries to use external
- // but if not mounted, falls back on internal storage.
- public static File getCacheDir(Context context, String uniqueName) {
- // Check if media is mounted or storage is built-in, if so, try and use external cache dir
- // otherwise use internal cache dir
- final String cachePath = Environment.getExternalStorageState() == Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED
- || !Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable() ?
- context.getExternalCacheDir().getPath() : context.getCacheDir().getPath();
- return new File(cachePath + File.separator + uniqueName);
- }
运行时的配置改变,例如屏幕横竖屏切换了有好的用户体验,你可能不想在这种情况下,重新获取一遍图片。
幸好你可以使用上面讲的内存缓存。缓存可以通过使用一个Fragment(调用setRetainInstance(true)被传到新的Activity,
当新的Activity被创建后,只需要重新附加Fragment,你就可以得到这个Fragment并访问到存在的缓存,把里面的图片快速的显示出来
- private LruCache mMemoryCache;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- ...
- RetainFragment mRetainFragment =
- RetainFragment.findOrCreateRetainFragment(getFragmentManager());
- mMemoryCache = RetainFragment.mRetainedCache;
- if (mMemoryCache == null) {
- mMemoryCache = new LruCache(cacheSize) {
- ... // Initialize cache here as usual
- }
- mRetainFragment.mRetainedCache = mMemoryCache;
- }
- ...
- }
- class RetainFragment extends Fragment {
- private static final String TAG = "RetainFragment";
- public LruCache mRetainedCache;
- public RetainFragment() {}
- public static RetainFragment findOrCreateRetainFragment(FragmentManager fm) {
- RetainFragment fragment = (RetainFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(TAG);
- if (fragment == null) {
- fragment = new RetainFragment();
- }
- return fragment;
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setRetainInstance(true);
- }
- }