【51单片机】时光钟 - 一寸光阴一寸光

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-26 11:01:47 发布

kerecs

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-26 11:01:47 发布

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分类专栏：单片机 C语言 DIY 文章标签：单片机电子

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kerecs/article/details/58597763

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**时间就像光一样，匆匆一撇却已远去，离去的时光怕是连光也望尘莫及。**

1.概要：有别于传统石英钟，内部不使用任何机械结构，而是全部使用电子电路。通过单片机控制发光二极管所形成的光束来指示时间。因为指针全部使用光束代替，所以在深夜也能看得很清楚，也因此可以当作“壁灯”使用。

2.原理：51单片机作为主控芯片，从DS3231时钟得到时间数据，再通过74ls38译码器输出低电平控制60个Led灯的开关。Led发光二极管安装于全透明的聚光杯中，形成的光束作为指针，通过单片机的PWM控制Led的形成长短不一的光束来区分时针、分针和秒针。HC06作为通信芯片，可连接手机的蓝牙实现对本时钟时间的修改，以及指定Led灯的亮灭（作为壁灯使用时），或者显示一些预设的动画效果，比如流水灯等。

PS：楼主由于工具所限（自己在家无聊时做的，纯手工请不要嫌弃），这里只使用12个Led做了个原型，没加蓝牙模块，只实现最核心的时间功能。

3.材料：
1. STC89C52RC
2. DS3231时钟模块
3. 12个高亮5mmLED
4. 3.7v锂电池
5. TP4056锂电池充电模块
6. 奶茶店的透明吸管

PS：根据自己的喜好选择led的颜色即可，但是注意不同波长的led形成的光束有别，有些会比较不明显。

4.51单片机程序：

#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h>  
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int

#define DS3231_WriteAddress 0xD0   
#define DS3231_ReadAddress  0xD1   
#define DS3231_SECOND       0x00    
#define DS3231_MINUTE       0x01   
#define DS3231_HOUR         0x02   
#define DS3231_WEEK         0x03   
#define DS3231_DAY          0x04   
#define DS3231_MONTH        0x05   
#define DS3231_YEAR         0x06   

bit  ack;         //Ó¦´ð±êÖ¾Î»
sbit SDA = P0^6;     //Ä£ÄâI2CÊý¾Ý´«ËÍÎ»SDA        
sbit SCL = P0^7;     //Ä£ÄâI2CÊ±ÖÓ¿ØÖÆÎ»SCL 

sbit c1 = P2^6;   //Ãë£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c2 = P2^5;   //·Ö£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c3 = P2^7;   //Ãë£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c4 = P2^3;   //Ãë£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c5 = P2^1;   //Ãë£¬Ê®Î»
sbit c6 = P2^0;   //Ãë£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c7 = P3^7;   //Ãë£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c8 = P3^6;   //Ãë£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c9 = P3^2;   //Ãë£¬Ê®Î»
sbit c10 = P1^5;   //·Ö£¬Ê®Î»
sbit c11 = P1^3;   //Ê±£¬¸öÎ»
sbit c12 = P1^2;   //Ê±£¬Ê®Î»

unsigned int flag1, flag2, flag3, flag4, flag5, flag6, flag7, flag8, flag9, flag10, flag11, flag12;
unsigned char hour, minute, second;
unsigned char lastHour = 24, lastMinute = 60, lastSecond = 60;

void TM1637_start();  
void TM1637_stop();  
void TM1637_write1Bit(unsigned char mBit);  
void TM1637_write1Byte(unsigned char mByte);  
void TM1637_writeCammand(unsigned char mData);  
void TM1637_writeData(unsigned char addr, unsigned char mData);  
void time_set(char hour, char min);  
void time_display();  
void timer0_init();  

void setZero();
void delay_140us();  
void delayus(uint us);  

uchar BCD2HEX(uchar val)    //BCDÂë×ª»»ÎªByte
{
    uchar temp;
    temp = val & 0x0f;
    val >>= 4;
    val &= 0x0f;
    val *= 10;
    temp += val;
    return temp;
}

uchar HEX2BCD(uchar val)    //BÂë×ª»»ÎªBCDÂë
{ 
     return (((val % 100) / 10) << 4) | (val % 10);
}

void delayus(uint us) 
{
    while(us--);
}

void Start_I2C()
{
    SDA = 1;                 
    delayus(1);
    SCL = 1;
    delayus(5);            

    SDA = 0;             
    delayus(5);          

    SCL = 0;                
    delayus(2);
}

void Stop_I2C()
{
    SDA = 0;                 
    delayus(1);            
    SCL = 1;                 
    delayus(5);

    SDA = 1;                 
    delayus(4);
}

void SendByte(uchar c)
{
    uchar BitCnt;

    for(BitCnt = 0;BitCnt < 8;BitCnt++)       
    {
        if((c << BitCnt) & 0x80)
            SDA = 1;                     
        else 
            SDA = 0;               
          delayus(1);
          SCL = 1;                           
          delayus(5);                     
          SCL = 0;
    }

    delayus(2);
    SDA = 1;                              
    delayus(2);  
    SCL = 1;
    delayus(3);
    if(SDA == 1)
            ack = 0;    
    else
            ack = 1;                             
    SCL = 0;
    delayus(2);
}

uchar RcvByte()
{
   uchar retc;
   uchar BitCnt;

   retc = 0;
   SDA = 1;
   for(BitCnt = 0;BitCnt < 8;BitCnt++)
   {
        delayus(1);  
        SCL = 0;                      
        delayus(5);           
        SCL = 1;
        delayus(3);
        retc = retc << 1;
        if(SDA == 1)
            retc = retc + 1;           
        delayus(2);
   }
   SCL = 0;
   delayus(2);
   return(retc);
}

void Ack_I2C(bit a)
{
    if(a == 0)
            SDA = 0;             
    else
            SDA = 1;

    delayus(3);     
    SCL = 1;
    delayus(5);           
    SCL = 0;         
    delayus(2);   
}


uchar write_byte(uchar addr, uchar write_data)
{
    Start_I2C();
    SendByte(DS3231_WriteAddress);
    if (ack == 0)
            return 0;

    SendByte(addr);   
    if (ack == 0)
            return 0;

    SendByte(write_data);
    if (ack == 0)
            return 0;

    Stop_I2C();
    delayus(10);
            return 1;
}


uchar read_current()
{
    uchar read_data;
    Start_I2C();
    SendByte(DS3231_ReadAddress);
    if(ack == 0)
            return(0);

    read_data = RcvByte();
    Ack_I2C(1);
    Stop_I2C();

    return read_data;
}


uchar read_random(uchar random_addr)
{
    Start_I2C();
    SendByte(DS3231_WriteAddress);
    if(ack == 0)
            return(0);

    SendByte(random_addr);
    if(ack == 0)
            return(0);

    return(read_current());
}

/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : delay_140us()
* ¹¦ÄÜ : ÑÓÊ±
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/  
void delay_140us()  
{  
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)  
      _nop_();  
}  
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void ModifyTime(uchar hou,uchar min,uchar sec)
* ¹¦ÄÜ : ÐÞ¸ÄÊ±¼ä£¨È«£©
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/ 
void ModifyTime(uchar hou, uchar min,uchar sec)
{
    uchar temp = 0;

    temp = HEX2BCD(hou);
    write_byte(DS3231_HOUR, temp);   //ÉèÖÃÊ±

    temp = HEX2BCD(min);
    write_byte(DS3231_MINUTE, temp); //ÉèÖÃ·Ö

    temp = HEX2BCD(sec);
    write_byte(DS3231_SECOND, temp); //ÉèÖÃÃë
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void ModifyTime(uchar hou,uchar min,uchar sec)
* ¹¦ÄÜ : ÐÞ¸ÄÊ±¼ä£¨Ê±£©
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/ 
void ModifyHour(hour)
{
      uchar temp = HEX2BCD(hour);
    write_byte(DS3231_HOUR, temp);   //ÉèÖÃÊ±
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void Modifymin(minute)
* ¹¦ÄÜ : ÐÞ¸ÄÊ±¼ä£¨·Ö£©
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/ 
void ModifyMinute(minute)
{   
      uchar temp = HEX2BCD(minute);
    write_byte(DS3231_MINUTE, temp); //ÉèÖÃ·Ö  
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void ModifyTime(uchar hou,uchar min,uchar sec)
* ¹¦ÄÜ : ÐÞ¸ÄÊ±¼ä£¨Ãë£©
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/ 
void ModifySecond(second)
{
      uchar temp = HEX2BCD(second);
    write_byte(DS3231_SECOND, temp); //ÉèÖÃÃë
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void init() 
* ¹¦ÄÜ : ³ÌÐò³õÊ¼»¯
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/  
void init()
{
        TMOD = 0x02;
        TH0 = 0x06;
        TL0 = 0x06;
        TR0 = 1;
        ET0 = 1;
        EA = 1;
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void setZero() 
* ¹¦ÄÜ : È«²¿ÇåÁã£¬ËùÓÐµÆ¶¼²»ÁÁ
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/  
void setZero()
{
    flag1 = 0;
    flag2 = 0;
    flag3 = 0;
    flag4 = 0;
    flag5 = 0;
    flag6 = 0;
    flag7 = 0;
    flag8 = 0;
    flag9 = 0;
    flag10 = 0;
    flag11 = 0;
    flag12 = 0;
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void light(uint number, uint level)
* ¹¦ÄÜ : Ö¸¶¨µÆÁÁ
* ÊäÈë : uint number, uint level
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/  
void light(uint number, uint level)
{
        switch(number)
        {
            case 0:
                    flag12 = level;
            break;
            case 1:
                    flag1 = level;
            break;
            case 2:
                    flag2 = level;
            break;
            case 3:
                    flag3 = level;
            break;
            case 4:
                    flag4 = level;
            break;
            case 5:
                    flag5 = level;
            break;
            case 6:
                    flag6 = level;
            break;
            case 7:
                    flag7 = level;
            break;
            case 8:
                    flag8 = level;
            break;
            case 9:
                    flag9 = level;
            break;
            case 10:
                    flag10 = level;
            break;
            case 11:
                    flag11 = level;
            break;
            default:break;
        }
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : void computer_and_display_time()
* ¹¦ÄÜ : ÏÔÊ¾Ê±¼ä
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/  
void compute_and_display_time()
{
        //¼ÆËãÊ±¼ä
    uchar Htemp1, Htemp2, Mtemp1, Mtemp2, Stemp1, Stemp2; 
    Htemp1 = read_random(DS3231_HOUR);    //»ñÈ¡Ê±
    Htemp1&=0x3f;                   
    Htemp2 = BCD2HEX(Htemp1);

    Mtemp1 = read_random(DS3231_MINUTE);  //»ñÈ¡·Ö
    Mtemp2 = BCD2HEX(Mtemp1);

      Stemp1 = read_random(DS3231_SECOND);  //»ñÈ¡Ãë
    Stemp2 = BCD2HEX(Stemp1);

        hour = Htemp2 % 12;
        minute = Mtemp2 / 5;
        second = Stemp2 / 5;

        //update hour
        if(hour != lastHour){
            light(hour, 40);
        }
        //update minute
        if(minute != lastMinute){
            if(minute != hour)
                light(minute, 30);
        }
        //update second
        if(second != lastSecond){
            if(second != hour && second != minute)
                light(second, 1);
        }
        if(lastHour != hour && lastHour != minute && lastHour != second)
            light(lastHour, 0);
        if(lastMinute != hour && lastMinute != minute && lastMinute != second)
            light(lastMinute, 0);
        if(lastSecond != hour && lastSecond != minute && lastSecond != second)
            light(lastSecond, 0);

        lastHour = hour;
        lastMinute = minute;
        lastSecond = second;
}
/******************************************************************** 
* Ãû³Æ : timer0()
* ¹¦ÄÜ : PWMµ÷ÕûÕ¼¿Õ±È,0~10, ÁÁ¶ÈµÝ¼õ
* ÊäÈë : void
* Êä³ö : ÎÞ 
**************************************************************/  
void timer0() interrupt 1
{
    static unsigned int count;
    count++;
    if(count == 50)
    {
        count = 0;
        c1 = 1;
        c2 = 1;
        c3 = 1;
        c4 = 1;
        c5 = 1;
        c6 = 1;
        c7 = 1;
        c8 = 1;
        c9 = 1;
        c10 = 1;
        c11 = 1;
        c12 = 1;
    }

    if(flag12 != 0 && flag12 == count)
        c12 = 0;
    else if(flag1 != 0 && flag1 == count)
        c1 = 0;
    else if(flag2 != 0 && flag2 == count)
        c2 = 0;
    else if(flag3 != 0 && flag3 == count)
        c3 = 0;
    else if(flag4 != 0 && flag4 == count)
        c4 = 0;
    else if(flag5 != 0 && flag5 == count)
        c5 = 0;
    else if(flag6 != 0 && flag6 == count)
        c6 = 0;
    else if(flag7 != 0 && flag7 == count)
        c7 = 0;
    else if(flag8 != 0 && flag8 == count)
        c8 = 0;
    else if(flag9 != 0 && flag9 == count)
        c9 = 0;
    else if(flag10 != 0 && flag10 == count)
        c10 = 0;
    else if(flag11 != 0 && flag11 == count)
        c11 = 0;
}
/*********************************************************** 
***** 
***** Ö÷º¯Êý
***** 
***********************************************************/
void main()
{
    init();
    setZero();
//  ModifyHour(16);
//  ModifyMinute(24);
    while(1)
    {
            compute_and_display_time();
    }
}