debian9搭建opencv环境

在终端中使用以下命令进行安装：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

第三句安装可能找不到 libjasper-dev 包，还有libtiff-dev提示可用libtiff5-dev代替，将命令改为：

sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff5-dev libdc1394-22-dev

 

下载opencv，这里以opencv3.2.0为例（其他版本可在https://github.com/opencv/opencv找到），在终端执行：

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git

 

然后进入目录，并新建一个目录用来编译：

cd opencv

mkdir buildOpencv && cd buildOpencv

 

对opencv进行配置：

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

 

在buildOpencv目录下执行make以及make install(两次操作时间会很长)：

make 成功后 make install

 

在安装结束后再做些后续工作:

sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'

sudo ldconfig

 

安装好后opencv后终端执行pkg-config --cflags opencv这条语句的时候看是否出错：

Package opencv was not found in the pkg-config search path.

Perhaps you should add the directory containing `opencv.pc'

to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable

No package 'opencv' found

 

出现如上错误说明缺失了opencv.pc这个配置信息文件，解决方法就是添加这个文件然后将其导入到环境变量中：

cd /usr/local/lib

sudo mkdir pkgconfig && cd pkgconfig

sudo touch opencv.pc

 

然后在opencv.pc中添加以下信息，注意这些信息需要与自己安装opencv时的库路径对应：

prefix=/usr/local

exec_prefix=${prefix}

includedir=${prefix}/include

libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib

 

Name: opencv

Description: The opencv library

Version:4.0.1

Cflags: -I${includedir}/opencv4

Libs: -L${libdir} -lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_superres -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_video -lopencv_photo -lopencv_ml -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann  -lopencv_core

 

保存退出，然后将文件导入到环境变量:

export  PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

 

再执行 pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv时输出结果如下：

-I/usr/local/include/opencv4 -L/usr/local/lib \

-lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_objdetect \

-lopencv_superres -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_calib3d \

-lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio \

-lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_video -lopencv_photo -lopencv_ml \

-lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann -lopencv_core

 

运行opencv自带例子进行测试环境(路径:/opencv/sample/cpp/example_cmake/)执行:

make

 

如果出现fatal error: opencv2/opencv.hpp: No such file or directory则安装：

sudo apt install libopencv-dev

 

安装完成后再执行make成功生成opencvTest:

运行./opencvTest 可测试摄像头