Swin Transformer原文及其代码的理解

Swin Transformer原文及其代码的理解

第一版
更好的排版笔记：Notion

名词解释

基础知识：

搞懂Vision Transformer 原理和代码，看这篇技术综述就够了(三)

token:分词，cv中一般是patch

MSA:Multi-head Self Attention

导论🤗(力推)

图解Swin Transformer

official repo：

microsoft/Swin-Transformer

实现

接下来跟着paper中的Architecture图结合原论文来讨论如何具体实现Swin Transformer。

Q1:原论文中Architecture中的Patch Partition和Patch Merging

该结构抽象为一个SwinTransformer 类（省略掉了一些代码）

class SwinTransformer(nn.Module):
    r""" Swin Transformer
        A PyTorch impl of : `Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows`  -
          https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.14030
    Args:
        img_size (int | tuple(int)): Input image size. Default 224
        patch_size (int | tuple(int)): Patch size. Default: 4
        in_chans (int): Number of input image channels. Default: 3
        num_classes (int): Number of classes for classification head. Default: 1000
        embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension. Default: 96
        depths (tuple(int)): Depth of each Swin Transformer layer.
        num_heads (tuple(int)): Number of attention heads in different layers.
        window_size (int): Window size. Default: 7
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim. Default: 4
        qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
        qk_scale (float): Override default qk scale of head_dim ** -0.5 if set. Default: None
        drop_rate (float): Dropout rate. Default: 0
        attn_drop_rate (float): Attention dropout rate. Default: 0
        drop_path_rate (float): Stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.1
        norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer. Default: nn.LayerNorm.
        ape (bool): If True, add absolute position embedding to the patch embedding. Default: False
        patch_norm (bool): If True, add normalization after patch embedding. Default: True
        use_checkpoint (bool): Whether to use checkpointing to save memory. Default: False
    """

    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=4, in_chans=3, num_classes=1000,
                 embed_dim=96, depths=[2, 2, 6, 2], num_heads=[3, 6, 12, 24],
                 window_size=7, mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=True, qk_scale=None,
                 drop_rate=0., attn_drop_rate=0., drop_path_rate=0.1,
                 norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, ape=False, patch_norm=True,
                 use_checkpoint=False, **kwargs):
        super().__init__()

        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.num_layers = len(depths)
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.ape = ape
        self.patch_norm = patch_norm
        self.num_features = int(embed_dim * 2 ** (self.num_layers - 1))
        self.mlp_ratio = mlp_ratio

        # split image into non-overlapping patches
        self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
            img_size=img_size, patch_size=patch_size, in_chans=in_chans, embed_dim=embed_dim,
            norm_layer=norm_layer if self.patch_norm else None)
        num_patches = self.patch_embed.num_patches
        patches_resolution = self.patch_embed.patches_resolution
        self.patches_resolution = patches_resolution

        # absolute position embedding
        if self.ape:
            self.absolute_pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_patches, embed_dim))
            trunc_normal_(self.absolute_pos_embed, std=.02)

        self.pos_drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate)

        # stochastic depth
        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, sum(depths))]  # stochastic depth decay rule

        # build layers
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList()
        for i_layer in range(self.num_layers):
            layer = BasicLayer(dim=int(embed_dim * 2 ** i_layer),
                               input_resolution=(patches_resolution[0] // (2 ** i_layer),
                                                 patches_resolution[1] // (2 ** i_layer)),
                               depth=depths[i_layer],
                               num_heads=num_heads[i_layer],
                               window_size=window_size,
                               mlp_ratio=self.mlp_ratio,
                               qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                               drop=drop_rate, attn_drop=attn_drop_rate,
                               drop_path=dpr[sum(depths[:i_layer]):sum(depths[:i_layer + 1])],
                               norm_layer=norm_layer,
                               downsample=PatchMerging if (i_layer < self.num_layers - 1) else None,
                               use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint)
            self.layers.append(layer)

        self.norm = norm_layer(self.num_features)
        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool1d(1)
        self.head = nn.Linear(self.num_features, num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()

        self.apply(self._init_weights)

    def forward_features(self, x):
        x = self.patch_embed(x)
        if self.ape:
            x = x + self.absolute_pos_embed
        x = self.pos_drop(x)

        for layer in self.layers:
            x = layer(x)

        x = self.norm(x)  # B L C
        x = self.avgpool(x.transpose(1, 2))  # B C 1
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        return x

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.forward_features(x)
        x = self.head(x)
        return x

A1:Patch Merging

Patch Merging在每个stage开始的时候降低分辨率

microsoft/Swin-Transformer

class PatchMerging(nn.Module):
    r""" Patch Merging Layer.
    Args:
        input_resolution (tuple[int]): Resolution of input feature.
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        norm_layer (nn.Module, optional): Normalization layer.  Default: nn.LayerNorm
    """

    def __init__(self, input_resolution, dim, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super().__init__()
        self.input_resolution = input_resolution
        self.dim = dim
        self.reduction = nn.Linear(4 * dim, 2 * dim, bias=False)
        self.norm = norm_layer(4 * dim)

    def forward(self, x):
        """
        x: B, H*W, C
        """
        H, W = self.input_resolution
        B, L, C = x.shape
        assert L == H * W, "input feature has wrong size"
        assert H % 2 == 0 and W % 2 == 0, f"x size ({H}*{W}) are not even."

        x = x.view(B, H, W, C)

        x0 = x[:, 0::2, 0::2, :]  # B H/2 W/2 C
        x1 = x[:, 1::2, 0::2, :]  # B H/2 W/2 C
        x2 = x[:, 0::2, 1::2, :]  # B H/2 W/2 C
        x3 = x[:, 1::2, 1::2, :]  # B H/2 W/2 C
        x = torch.cat([x0, x1, x2, x3], -1)  # B H/2 W/2 4*C
        x = x.view(B, -1, 4 * C)  # B H/2*W/2 4*C

        x = self.norm(x)
        x = self.reduction(x)

        return x

    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
        return f"input_resolution={self.input_resolution}, dim={self.dim}"

    def flops(self):
        H, W = self.input_resolution
        flops = H * W * self.dim
        flops += (H // 2) * (W // 2) * 4 * self.dim * 2 * self.dim
        return flops 

原文：

To produce a hierarchical representation, the number of tokens is reduced by patch merging layers as the network gets deeper. The first patch merging layer concatenates the features of each group of 2 × 2 neighboring patches, and applies a linear layer on the 4C-dimensional concatenated features. This reduces the number of tokens by a multiple of 2×2 = 4 (2× downsampling of resolution), and the output dimension is set to 2C.

通过代码理解：

先下采样，通道变为$4C$。

然后，使用一个线性层将它们融合为$2C$

nn.LayerNorm

LayerNorm - PyTorch 1.9.0 documentation

reduction之前，将数据reshape为 $(B,\frac{H}{2}\ast \frac{W}{2},4\ast C)$，因为reduction layer是linear layer.

A2.Patch Partition

源代码中没找到以这个名字命名的类或函数。相对的，在SwinTransformer 类中，实例化了一个PatchEmbed类，该类上面的注释为“# split image into non-overlapping patches”。

microsoft/Swin-Transformer

定位到该类

microsoft/Swin-Transformer

class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    r""" Image to Patch Embedding
    Args:
        img_size (int): Image size.  Default: 224.
        patch_size (int): Patch token size. Default: 4.
        in_chans (int): Number of input image channels. Default: 3.
        embed_dim (int): Number of linear projection output channels. Default: 96.
        norm_layer (nn.Module, optional): Normalization layer. Default: None
    """

    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=4, in_chans=3, embed_dim=96, norm_layer=None):
        super().__init__()
        img_size = to_2tuple(img_size)
        patch_size = to_2tuple(patch_size)
        patches_resolution = [img_size[0] // patch_size[0], img_size[1] // patch_size[1]]
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.patches_resolution = patches_resolution
        self.num_patches = patches_resolution[0] * patches_resolution[1]

        self.in_chans = in_chans
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim

        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)
        if norm_layer is not None:
            self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim)
        else:
            self.norm = None

    def forward(self, x):
        B, C, H, W = x.shape
        # FIXME look at relaxing size constraints
        assert H == self.img_size[0] and W == self.img_size[1], \
            f"Input image size ({H}*{W}) doesn't match model ({self.img_size[0]}*{self.img_size[1]})."
        x = self.proj(x).flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)  # B Ph*Pw C
        if self.norm is not None:
            x = self.norm(x)
        return x

    def flops(self):
        Ho, Wo = self.patches_resolution
        flops = Ho * Wo * self.embed_dim * self.in_chans * (self.patch_size[0] * self.patch_size[1])
        if self.norm is not None:
            flops += Ho * Wo * self.embed_dim
        return flops

看forward 方法，直接用一个不重合(non-overlapping)的卷积操作（kernel size = patch size, stride = patch size）,将一个patch 内的图像投影(project)到96维度的空间内——Embedding。最后将卷积得到的feature map展开为一个向量。

Q2 每个stage是怎么实现的？

从SwinTransformer 类中，有一个for循环，对应构建每个stage的代码

# build layers
self.layers = nn.ModuleList()
for i_layer in range(self.num_layers):
    layer = BasicLayer(dim=int(embed_dim * 2 ** i_layer),
                       input_resolution=(patches_resolution[0] // (2 ** i_layer),
                                         patches_resolution[1] // (2 ** i_layer)),
                       depth=depths[i_layer],
                       num_heads=num_heads[i_layer],
                       window_size=window_size,
                       mlp_ratio=self.mlp_ratio,
                       qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                       drop=drop_rate, attn_drop=attn_drop_rate,
                       drop_path=dpr[sum(depths[:i_layer]):sum(depths[:i_layer + 1])],
                       norm_layer=norm_layer,
                       downsample=PatchMerging if (i_layer < self.num_layers - 1) else None,
                       use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint)
    self.layers.append(layer)

由此出发，索引到BasicLayer类。

microsoft/Swin-Transformer

直接看forward。很明显，downsample对应patch merging,那么剩下的就是block了。

def forward(self, x):
        for blk in self.blocks:
            if self.use_checkpoint:
                x = checkpoint.checkpoint(blk, x)
            else:
                x = blk(x)
        if self.downsample is not None:
            x = self.downsample(x)
        return x

定位到SwinTransformerBlock ⚠️。

Q3 SwinTransformerBlock怎么实现的？

SwinTransformerBlock

microsoft/Swin-Transformer

直接看forward

step1:先对输入的数据进行reshape,从$BLC\to BHWC$，$L=H\ast W$。

step2:然后用torch.roll 对数据进行cyclic shift(周期转换)。

torch.roll - PyTorch 1.9.0 documentation

对于右图，对应代码为：

# cyclic shift
  if self.shift_size > 0:
      shifted_x = torch.roll(x, shifts=(-self.shift_size, -self.shift_size), dims=(1, 2))
  else:
      shifted_x = x

  # partition windows
  x_windows = window_partition(shifted_x, self.window_size)  # nW*B, window_size, window_size, C
  x_windows = x_windows.view(-1, self.window_size * self.window_size, C)  # nW*B, window_size*window_size, C

  # W-MSA/SW-MSA
  attn_windows = self.attn(x_windows, mask=self.attn_mask)  # nW*B, window_size*window_size, C

  # merge windows
  attn_windows = attn_windows.view(-1, self.window_size, self.window_size, C)
  shifted_x = window_reverse(attn_windows, self.window_size, H, W)  # B H' W' C

  # reverse cyclic shift
  if self.shift_size > 0:
      x = torch.roll(shifted_x, shifts=(self.shift_size, self.shift_size), dims=(1, 2))
  else:
      x = shifted_x

至于里面的流程，下节再说。⚠️

step3 最后对结果进行DropPath(Stochastic Depth)操作

DropPath将layer随机去掉，具体实现就是在mini-batch层面随机将数据失效，这样失效的sample就无法作用该层。

DropPath具体实现

rwightman/pytorch-image-models

一个issue

question about dropconnect · Issue #494 · tensorflow/tpu

key point:

for each mini-batch, randomly drop a subset of layers and bypass them with the identity function.

---

原文中，两个相继的block一个是W-MSA，一个是SW-MSA

而在实现中，通过在实例化SwinTransformerBlock 时，对参数shift_size做一判断赋值，后将属性.shift_size 作为条件，如果大于0则是SW-MSA,否则则是WSA.

# build blocks
self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([
    SwinTransformerBlock(dim=dim, input_resolution=input_resolution,
                         num_heads=num_heads, window_size=window_size,
                         **shift_size**=0 if (i % 2 == 0) else window_size // 2,
                         mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
                         qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                         drop=drop, attn_drop=attn_drop,
                         drop_path=drop_path[i] if isinstance(drop_path, list) else drop_path,
                         norm_layer=norm_layer)
    for i in range(depth)])

Q4 W-MSA?SW-MSA?😴

W-MSA:Windows based multi-head self attention

SW-MSA:Shift W-MSA

相对位置比绝对位置对语义的影响大

比如：

• I like this movie because it doesn’t have an overhead history. Positive
• I don’t like this movie because it has an overhead history. Negative

A1 W-MSA

这两类实现的都是同一个类:WindowAttention

microsoft/Swin-Transformer

通过代码及注释理解

class WindowAttention(nn.Module):
    r""" Window based multi-head self attention (W-MSA) module with relative position bias.
    It supports both of shifted and non-shifted window.
    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        window_size (tuple[int]): The height and width of the window.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        qkv_bias (bool, optional):  If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value. Default: True
        qk_scale (float | None, optional): Override default qk scale of head_dim ** -0.5 if set
        attn_drop (float, optional): Dropout ratio of attention weight. Default: 0.0
        proj_drop (float, optional): Dropout ratio of output. Default: 0.0
    """ 

    def __init__(self, dim, window_size, num_heads, qkv_bias=True, qk_scale=None, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.):

        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.window_size = window_size  # Wh, Ww
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5

        # define a parameter table of relative position bias
        self.relative_position_bias_table = nn.Parameter(
            torch.zeros((2 * window_size[0] - 1) * (2 * window_size[1] - 1), num_heads))  # 2*Wh-1 * 2*Ww-1, nH

        # get pair-wise relative position index for each token inside the window
				# 1.在window内获取每个token的成对相对位置索引
				# #生成一对网格 
        coords_h = torch.arange(self.window_size[0])
        coords_w = torch.arange(self.window_size[1])
        coords = torch.stack(torch.meshgrid([coords_h, coords_w]))  # 2, Wh, Ww，成对
--> outputs: window size=2
			  (tensor([[0, 0],
			           [1, 1]]), 
			   tensor([[0, 1],          
			           [0, 1]]))
        coords_flatten = torch.flatten(coords, 1)  # 2, Wh*Ww
-->outputs:
				tensor([[0, 0, 1, 1],
				        [0, 1, 0, 1]])
				#上面竖着从左往右看(0,0),(0,1),(1,0),(1,1)
				# 插入一个维度，并作差，得到相对坐标,解析见1
        relative_coords = coords_flatten[:, :, None] - coords_flatten[:, None, :]  # 2, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww
-->outputs:
				tensor([[[ 0,  0, -1, -1],
         [ 0,  0, -1, -1],
         [ 1,  1,  0,  0],
         [ 1,  1,  0,  0]],

        [[ 0, -1,  0, -1],
         [ 1,  0,  1,  0],
         [ 0, -1,  0, -1],
         [ 1,  0,  1,  0]]])
				relative_coords = relative_coords.permute(1, 2, 0).contiguous()  # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww, 2
--outputs:
					tensor([[[ 0,  0, -1, -1],
					         [ 0,  0, -1, -1],
					         [ 1,  1,  0,  0],
					         [ 1,  1,  0,  0]],
					
					        [[ 0, -1,  0, -1],
					         [ 1,  0,  1,  0],
					         [ 0, -1,  0, -1],
					         [ 1,  0,  1,  0]]])
				#见解析2
        relative_coords[:, :, 0] += self.window_size[0] - 1  # shift to start from 0
        relative_coords[:, :, 1] += self.window_size[1] - 1
        relative_coords[:, :, 0] *= 2 * self.window_size[1] - 1
        relative_position_index = relative_coords.sum(-1)  # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww
        self.register_buffer("relative_position_index", relative_position_index)
				#见官网：https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.Module.html?highlight=self%20register_buffer

        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)
				#截断正态分布初始化：https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/d5ed58d623be27aada78035d2a19e2854f8b6437/timm/models/layers/weight_init.py#L44
        trunc_normal_(self.relative_position_bias_table, std=.02)
        self.softmax = nn.Softmax(dim=-1)

    def forward(self, x, mask=None):
        """
        Args:
            x: input features with shape of (num_windows*B, N, C)
            mask: (0/-inf) mask with shape of (num_windows, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww) or None
        """
        B_, N, C = x.shape
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B_, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        q, k, v = qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2]  # make torchscript happy (cannot use tensor as tuple)

        q = q * self.scale
        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))

        relative_position_bias = self.relative_position_bias_table[self.relative_position_index.view(-1)].view(
            self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], -1)  # Wh*Ww,Wh*Ww,nH
        relative_position_bias = relative_position_bias.permute(2, 0, 1).contiguous()  # nH, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww
        attn = attn + relative_position_bias.unsqueeze(0)

        if mask is not None:
            nW = mask.shape[0]
            attn = attn.view(B_ // nW, nW, self.num_heads, N, N) + mask.unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(0)
            attn = attn.view(-1, self.num_heads, N, N)
            attn = self.softmax(attn)
        else:
            attn = self.softmax(attn)

        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B_, N, C)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x

    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
        return f'dim={self.dim}, window_size={self.window_size}, num_heads={self.num_heads}'

    def flops(self, N):
        # calculate flops for 1 window with token length of N
        flops = 0
        # qkv = self.qkv(x)
        flops += N * self.dim * 3 * self.dim
        # attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))
        flops += self.num_heads * N * (self.dim // self.num_heads) * N
        #  x = (attn @ v)
        flops += self.num_heads * N * N * (self.dim // self.num_heads)
        # x = self.proj(x)
        flops += N * self.dim * self.dim
		        return flops

A2 Window Attention的__init__方法解析

解析1：相对位置编码指所有坐标与剩余坐标的偏移量，右方向、下方向为正，左方向、上方向为负。

形如一个[2,2]（形状为[2,2*2]）的坐标系，那么相对坐标表示的形状为22,2,22。相对坐标表示如下

对于一个（M，M）的坐标，应最终有$(M\ast M,2,M\ast M)$的维度

对对应代码解析：

coords_flatten[:, :, None]

这个操作将原本的coords_flatten .shape=[2,4]变为了[2,4,1]

而下面的操作

coords_flatten[:, None, :]

将coords_flatten .shape=[2,4]变为了[2,1,4]

由于广播机制，最终变为了[2,4,4],形状形状表示为$[H,W,N]$。

解析2：因为使用的是减法，我们需要将偏移量变为为正

比如[3,3]的坐标系，原来是

tensor([[[ 0,  0, -1, -1],
         [ 0,  0, -1, -1],
         [ 1,  1,  0,  0],
         [ 1,  1,  0,  0]],

        [[ 0, -1,  0, -1],
         [ 1,  0,  1,  0],
         [ 0, -1,  0, -1],
         [ 1,  0,  1,  0]]])

经过如下变换后

relative_coords = relative_coords.permute(1, 2, 0).contiguous()  # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww, 2
relative_coords[:, :, 0] += self.window_size[0] - 1  # shift to start from 0
relative_coords[:, :, 1] += self.window_size[1] - 1

元素全变为正数

tensor([[[1, 1],
         [1, 0],
         [0, 1],
         [0, 0]],

        [[1, 2],
         [1, 1],
         [0, 2],
         [0, 1]],

        [[2, 1],
         [2, 0],
         [1, 1],
         [1, 0]],

        [[2, 2],
         [2, 1],
         [1, 2],
         [1, 1]]])

后面又进行了如下的操作

relative_coords[:, :, 0] *= 2 * window_size[1] - 1

可以理解为将x坐标与y坐标区分开来。

加上求和之后的流程如下

图解Swin Transformer

A3 Window Attention的forward方法解析

根据原论文中，带有相对位置偏置的自注意力公式（self-attention including a realtive posotion bias）为

$$\mathcal{A}ttention(Q,K,V)=Softmax(Q{K}^T/\sqrt{d}+B)V$$

括号里面

qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B_, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
q, k, v = qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2]  # make torchscript happy (cannot use tensor as tuple)

q = q * self.scale
attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))

relative_position_bias = self.relative_position_bias_table[self.relative_position_index.view(-1)].view(
    self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1], -1)  # Wh*Ww,Wh*Ww,nH

relative_position_bias = relative_position_bias.permute(2, 0, 1).contiguous()  # nH, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww
attn = attn + relative_position_bias.unsqueeze(0)

值得注意的是，这里的bias是根据相对位置编码索引的

self.relative_position_bias_table[self.relative_position_index.view(-1)]

在forward中，还有个参数:mask 它和SW-MSA有关。

A4 Shift Window MSA

对于SW-MSA,对应于这些代码:

1.生成attention mask

if self.shift_size > 0
            # calculate attention mask for SW-MSA
					#step1
            H, W = self.input_resolution
            img_mask = torch.zeros((1, H, W, 1))  # 1 H W 1
            h_slices = (slice(0, -self.window_size),
                        slice(-self.window_size, -self.shift_size),
                        slice(-self.shift_size, None))
            w_slices = (slice(0, -self.window_size),
                        slice(-self.window_size, -self.shift_size),
                        slice(-self.shift_size, None))
            cnt = 0
            for h in h_slices:
                for w in w_slices:
                    img_mask[:, h, w, :] = cnt
                    cnt += 1
					#step2
            mask_windows = window_partition(img_mask, self.window_size)  # nW, window_size, window_size, 1
            mask_windows = mask_windows.view(-1, self.window_size * self.window_size)

						attn_mask = mask_windows.unsqueeze(1) - mask_windows.unsqueeze(2)
          #stpe3
						attn_mask = attn_mask.masked_fill(attn_mask != 0, float(-100.0)).masked_fill(attn_mask == 0, float(0.0))
				

 根据代码的作用解析。

解析1：

step1:

当如下参数时，生成了右边的img mask

window_size=2
shift_size=window_size//2
H, W = 4,4
-->output
[[0 0 1 2]
 [0 0 1 2]
 [3 3 4 5]
 [6 6 7 8]]

如果使用
python x = torch.roll(img_mask, shifts=(shift_size, shift_size), dims=(1, 2))
最终的结果如右图所示，和原论文符合。因为在代码中特征图已经进行了torch.roll操作

step2:

两个方向做差

print(mask_windows.unsqueeze(1).shape)# [4,1,4]
-->[[[0. 0. 0. 0.]]

 [[1. 2. 1. 2.]]

 [[3. 3. 6. 6.]]

 [[4. 5. 7. 8.]]]
print(mask_windows.unsqueeze(2).shape)#[4,4,1]
-->output
[[[0.]
  [0.]
  [0.]
  [0.]]

 [[1.]
  [2.]
  [1.]
  [2.]]

 [[3.]
  [3.]
  [6.]
  [6.]]

 [[4.]
  [5.]
  [7.]
  [8.]]]
attn_mask = mask_windows.unsqueeze(1) - mask_windows.unsqueeze(2) #x轴与y轴做差
-->outputs
[[[ 0.  0.  0.  0.]
  [ 0.  0.  0.  0.]
  [ 0.  0.  0.  0.]
  [ 0.  0.  0.  0.]]

 [[ 0.  1.  0.  1.]
  [-1.  0. -1.  0.]
  [ 0.  1.  0.  1.]
  [-1.  0. -1.  0.]]

 [[ 0.  0.  3.  3.]
  [ 0.  0.  3.  3.]
  [-3. -3.  0.  0.]
  [-3. -3.  0.  0.]]

 [[ 0.  1.  3.  4.]
  [-1.  0.  2.  3.]
  [-3. -2.  0.  1.]
  [-4. -3. -1.  0.]]]

具体理解可以看下面资料的Attention Mask 段

图解Swin Transformer

[4，1，4]

[4，4，1]

attn_mask

step3

赋值，不为0的赋值为-100，等于零的赋值为0

黄色值为0

当window size =3时

winodw size=5

最后将结果加在

attn = attn.view(B_ // nW, nW, self.num_heads, N, N) + mask.unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(0)
#https://github.com/microsoft/Swin-Transformer/blob/3dc2a55301a02d71e956b382b50943a35c4abee9/models/swin_transformer.py#L133
attn = attn.view(-1, self.num_heads, N, N)
attn = self.softmax(attn)#加了-100的值将会被忽略

至此，SW-MSA的流程已经完整出来了