#####inject
inject
是我使用最频繁的方法了,它的强大之处在于可以方便的对嵌套的数组,哈希等混合数据结构进行合并或求和, 可以有效减少代码量。
例如最常见的数组套哈希:
1 2 3 4 | array = [{a:100}, {b:200}, {c:300}] array.inject(0) { |sum, e| sum += e.values.first } #600 array.inject({}) { |sum, e| sum.merge e } #{:a=>100, :b=>200, :c=>300} |
- inject():括号中的是sum的初始值
- sum, e: 和在前,数组元素在后,中间必须以逗号隔开
#####group_by
group_by
适用于对于数组和hash的分组. 在stackoverflow
,我经常遇到这样的问题:
array
根据相同的school_id
进行分组
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | array = [{"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "view"=>"true", "create"=>"true", "approve"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}, {"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}, {"school_id"=>"2", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}] array.group_by { |e| e["school_id"] } => {"1"=>[{"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "view"=>"true", "create"=>"true", "approve"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}, {"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}], "2"=>[{"school_id"=>"2", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}]} |
多条件分组:
1 2 | array.group_by { |e| [e["school_id"], e["plan_type"]] } #将多个条件放在数组当中 => {["1", "All"]=>[{"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "view"=>"true", "create"=>"true", "approve"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}, {"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}], ["2", "All"]=>[{"school_id"=>"2", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}]} |
####reduce
reduce
作用和inject
优点类似,但是它比inject
还要简洁
1 2 3 | (5..10).inject {|sum, n| sum + n } # 45 (5..10).reduce(:+) # 45 (5..10).reduce(1, :+) # 46 (括号中第一个参数是初始值,第二个是方法名) |
以group_by
中的array
为例,将相同school_id
的hash进行合并
1 2 | array.group_by { |e| e["school_id"] }.values.map { |i| i.inject({}) { |sum ,e| sum.merge e }} => [{"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "view"=>"true", "create"=>"true", "approve"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil, "edit"=>"true"}, {"school_id"=>"2", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}] |
可以使用inject
将hash合并,但是使用reduce效果会更好
1 2 | array.group_by { |e| e["school_id"] }.values.map { |i| i.reduce(:merge) } => [{"school_id"=>"1", "plan_type"=>"All", "view"=>"true", "create"=>"true", "approve"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil, "edit"=>"true"}, {"school_id"=>"2", "plan_type"=>"All", "edit"=>"true", "grant"=>"true", "region_id"=>nil}] |
####zip
zip
可以将两个数组合并为一个二维数组
1 2 3 4 | a= [1,2,3,4,5] b=[6,7,8,9,10] a.zip(b) => [[1, 6], [2, 7], [3, 8], [4, 9], [5, 10]] |
如果a.length > b.length
,b中缺少的以nil代替 ,
1 2 3 4 | a=[1,2,3,4,5,6] b=[6,7,8,9,10] a.zip(b) => [[1, 6], [2, 7], [3, 8], [4, 9], [5, 10], [6, nil]] |
如果a.length < b.length
,b中多余的直接被丢弃
1 2 3 4 | a= [1,2,3,4] b=[6,7,8,9,10] a.zip(b) => [[1, 6], [2, 7], [3, 8], [4, 9]] |