输入子系统--event层分析(以GPIO_Keys为例)

输入子系统--event层分析(以GPIO_Keys为例)

From:http://www.cnitblog.com/luofuchong/archive/2007/11/12/36157.html ##################################################################################################### 早前曾研究了一下输入子系统的原理,给人的感觉是输入子系统很复杂.但其实内核开发者在这方面已经做得很完善了, 输入子系统虽然错综复杂,但是只要我们领会了输入子系统的一些设计思想后,我们要使用它并非难事. 以下以内核自带的gpio_keys驱动为例,介绍输入子系统的使用. 主要的原因是gpio_keys驱动比较简单易懂,另外不是没个人都有触摸屏,但键盘的话相信每一块开发板上都配有吧^_^ 按照以前的习惯,先从下到上的研究底层驱动是如何提交输入事件的: ##################################################################################################### drivers/input/keyboard/gpio_keys.c: static int __devinit gpio_keys_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) {     struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;     struct input_dev *input;     int i, error;     input = input_allocate_device(); //申请input_dev结构     if (!input)         return -ENOMEM;     platform_set_drvdata(pdev, input); //把input_dev结构放好(以后方便调用)     input->evbit[0] = BIT(EV_KEY); //目前event的类型不操作32,所以你会看到对于evbit数组的操作都是对evbit[0]中的位来进行操作.     input->name = pdev->name;     input->phys = "gpio-keys/input0";     input->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;     input->id.bustype = BUS_HOST;     input->id.vendor = 0x0001;     input->id.product = 0x0001;     input->id.version = 0x0100;     for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) {         struct gpio_keys_button *button = &pdata->buttons[i];         int irq = gpio_to_irq(button->gpio);         unsigned int type = button->type ?: EV_KEY;         set_irq_type(irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH);         /* 根据用户所指定的gpio_keys来申请中断和注册中断处理函数*/         error = request_irq(irq, gpio_keys_isr, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,                      button->desc ? button->desc : "gpio_keys",                      pdev);         if (error) {             printk(KERN_ERR "gpio-keys: unable to claim irq %d; error %d\n",                 irq, error);             goto fail;         }         input_set_capability(input, type, button->code);     }     error = input_register_device(input); //注册输入设备,并和对应的handler处理函数挂钩     if (error) {         printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to register gpio-keys input device\n");         goto fail;     }     return 0; fail:     for (i = i - 1; i >= 0; i--)         free_irq(gpio_to_irq(pdata->buttons[i].gpio), pdev);     input_free_device(input);     return error; } 提到input_dev结构,以下谈一下我对于它的理解: struct input_dev {     void *private;     const char *name;     const char *phys;     const char *uniq;     struct input_id id;     /*     * 根据各种输入信号的类型来建立类型为unsigned long 的数组,     * 数组的每1bit代表一种信号类型,     * 内核中会对其进行置位或清位操作来表示事件的发生和被处理.     */     unsigned long evbit[NBITS(EV_MAX)];     unsigned long keybit[NBITS(KEY_MAX)];     unsigned long relbit[NBITS(REL_MAX)];     unsigned long absbit[NBITS(ABS_MAX)];     unsigned long mscbit[NBITS(MSC_MAX)];     unsigned long ledbit[NBITS(LED_MAX)];     unsigned long sndbit[NBITS(SND_MAX)];     unsigned long ffbit[NBITS(FF_MAX)];     unsigned long swbit[NBITS(SW_MAX)];     ......................................... }; /** * input_set_capability - mark device as capable of a certain event * @dev: device that is capable of emitting or accepting event * @type: type of the event (EV_KEY, EV_REL, etc...) * @code: event code * * In addition to setting up corresponding bit in appropriate capability * bitmap the function also adjusts dev->evbit. */ /* 记录本设备对于哪些事件感兴趣(对其进行处理)*/ void input_set_capability(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code) {     switch (type) {     case EV_KEY:         __set_bit(code, dev->keybit); //比如按键,应该对哪些键值的按键进行处理(对于其它按键不予理睬)         break;     case EV_REL:         __set_bit(code, dev->relbit);         break;     case EV_ABS:         __set_bit(code, dev->absbit);         break;     case EV_MSC:         __set_bit(code, dev->mscbit);         break;     case EV_SW:         __set_bit(code, dev->swbit);         break;     case EV_LED:         __set_bit(code, dev->ledbit);         break;     case EV_SND:         __set_bit(code, dev->sndbit);         break;     case EV_FF:         __set_bit(code, dev->ffbit);         break;     default:         printk(KERN_ERR             "input_set_capability: unknown type %u (code %u)\n",             type, code);         dump_stack();         return;     }     __set_bit(type, dev->evbit); //感觉和前面重复了(前面一经配置过一次了) } EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_set_capability); static irqreturn_t gpio_keys_isr(int irq, void *dev_id) {         int i;         struct platform_device *pdev = dev_id;         struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;         struct input_dev *input = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);         for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) {                 struct gpio_keys_button *button = &pdata->buttons[i];                 int gpio = button->gpio;                 if (irq == gpio_to_irq(gpio)) { //判断哪个键被按了?                         unsigned int type = button->type ?: EV_KEY;                         int state = (gpio_get_value(gpio) ? 1 : 0) ^ button->active_low; //记录按键状态                         input_event(input, type, button->code, !!state); //汇报输入事件                         input_sync(input); //等待输入事件处理完成                 }         }         return IRQ_HANDLED; } /* * input_event() - report new input event * @dev: device that generated the event * @type: type of the event * @code: event code * @value: value of the event * * This function should be used by drivers implementing various input devices * See also input_inject_event() */ void input_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value) {     struct input_handle *handle;     if (type > EV_MAX || !test_bit(type, dev->evbit)) //首先判断该事件类型是否有效且为该设备所接受         return;     add_input_randomness(type, code, value);     switch (type) {         case EV_SYN:             switch (code) {                 case SYN_CONFIG:                     if (dev->event)                         dev->event(dev, type, code, value);                     break;                 case SYN_REPORT:                     if (dev->sync)                         return;                     dev->sync = 1;                     break;             }             break;         case EV_KEY:             /*             * 这里需要满足几个条件:             * 1: 键值有效(不超出定义的键值的有效范围)             * 2: 键值为设备所能接受(属于该设备所拥有的键值范围)             * 3: 按键状态改变了             */             if (code > KEY_MAX || !test_bit(code, dev->keybit) || !!test_bit(code, dev->key) == value)                 return;             if (value == 2)                 break;             change_bit(code, dev->key); //改变对应按键的状态             /* 如果你希望按键未释放的时候不断汇报按键事件的话需要以下这个(在简单的gpio_keys驱动中不需要这个,暂时不去分析) */             if (test_bit(EV_REP, dev->evbit) && dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] && dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && dev->timer.data && value) {                 dev->repeat_key = code;                 mod_timer(&dev->timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(dev->rep[REP_DELAY]));             }             break; ........................................................     if (type != EV_SYN)         dev->sync = 0;     if (dev->grab)         dev->grab->handler->event(dev->grab, type, code, value);     else         /*         * 循环调用所有处理该设备的handle(event,mouse,ts,joy等),         * 如果有进程打开了这些handle(进行读写),则调用其对应的event接口向气汇报该输入事件.         */         list_for_each_entry(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node)             if (handle->open)                 handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_event); ######################################################################### 好了,下面再来研究一下event层对于input层报告的这个键盘输入事件是如何来处理的. ######################################################################### drivers/input/evdev.c: static struct input_handler evdev_handler = {         .event =        evdev_event,         .connect =      evdev_connect,         .disconnect =   evdev_disconnect,         .fops =         &evdev_fops,         .minor =        EVDEV_MINOR_BASE,         .name =         "evdev",         .id_table =     evdev_ids, }; static void evdev_event(struct input_handle *handle, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value) {         struct evdev *evdev = handle->private;         struct evdev_client *client;         if (evdev->grab) {                 client = evdev->grab;                 do_gettimeofday(&client->buffer[client->head].time);                 client->buffer[client->head].type = type;                 client->buffer[client->head].code = code;                 client->buffer[client->head].value = value;                 client->head = (client->head + 1) & (EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);                 kill_fasync(&client->fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);         } else                 /* 遍厉client_list链表中的client结构(代表些打开evdev的进程(个人理解^_^)) */                 list_for_each_entry(client, &evdev->client_list, node) {                             /* 填充代表该输入信号的struct input_event结构(事件,类型,键码,键值) */                         do_gettimeofday(&client->buffer[client->head].time);                         client->buffer[client->head].type = type;                         client->buffer[client->head].code = code;                         client->buffer[client->head].value = value;                             /* 更新写指针 */                         client->head = (client->head + 1) & (EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);                         kill_fasync(&client->fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN); //通知调用input_sync的进程:输入事件经已处理完毕(通知底层).                 }         wake_up_interruptible(&evdev->wait); //唤醒睡眠在evdev->wait等待队列等待输入信息的进程(通知上层). } ################################################################################### 好了,至此一个按键的输入事件处理完毕,现在再来从上到上的来看看用户是如何获取这个输入事件的. ################################################################################### static const struct file_operations evdev_fops = {         .owner =        THIS_MODULE,         .read =         evdev_read,         .write =        evdev_write,         .poll =         evdev_poll,         .open =         evdev_open,         .release =      evdev_release,         .unlocked_ioctl = evdev_ioctl, #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT         .compat_ioctl = evdev_ioctl_compat, #endif         .fasync =       evdev_fasync,         .flush =        evdev_flush }; static int evdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) {         struct evdev_client *client;         struct evdev *evdev;         int i = iminor(inode) - EVDEV_MINOR_BASE;         int error;         if (i >= EVDEV_MINORS)                 return -ENODEV;         evdev = evdev_table[i];         if (!evdev || !evdev->exist)                 return -ENODEV;         client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct evdev_client), GFP_KERNEL);         if (!client)                 return -ENOMEM;         client->evdev = evdev;          /* 添加evdev_client结构到链表evdev->client_list中(好让输入事件到来的时候填写该结构并唤醒进程读取) */         list_add_tail(&client->node, &evdev->client_list);         if (!evdev->open++ && evdev->exist) {                 error = input_open_device(&evdev->handle);                 if (error) {                         list_del(&client->node);                         kfree(client);                         return error;                 }         }         file->private_data = client; //存放好evdev_client结构方便以后使用         return 0; } static ssize_t evdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) {         struct evdev_client *client = file->private_data;         struct evdev *evdev = client->evdev;         int retval;         if (count < evdev_event_size()) //对于每次读取的数据大小是有一定的要求.                 return -EINVAL;         if (client->head == client->tail && evdev->exist && (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)) //缓存中没有数据可读且设备是存在的,                                                       如果设置为NONBLOCK方式来读,立即返回.                 return -EAGAIN;         retval = wait_event_interruptible(evdev->wait,                 client->head != client->tail || !evdev->exist); //否则等待缓存有数据可读或设备不存在(被移去)         if (retval)                 return retval;         if (!evdev->exist)                 return -ENODEV;         while (client->head != client->tail && retval + evdev_event_size() <= count) { //下面开始读取数据                 struct input_event *event = (struct input_event *) client->buffer + client->tail; //获取缓存中的读指针                 if (evdev_event_to_user(buffer + retval, event)) //返回数据给用户                         return -EFAULT;                 client->tail = (client->tail + 1) & (EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE - 1); //更新读指针                 retval += evdev_event_size();         }         return retval; } 呵呵,看到了吧,应用程序就是这样获取输入事件的^_^ ###################################################################################################################################### 本来对于gpio_keys这样的驱动程序,只要当发生按键事件的时候向上层应用程序汇报键值即可. 不过,对于一些带输出设备(例如led灯)的输入设备来说(例如键盘),上层应用程序同样可以利用event层来读取或改变其状态. 请看以下代码: ###################################################################################################################################### static ssize_t evdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) {         struct evdev_client *client = file->private_data;         struct evdev *evdev = client->evdev;         struct input_event event;         int retval = 0;         if (!evdev->exist)                 return -ENODEV;         while (retval < count) {                 if (evdev_event_from_user(buffer + retval, &event)) //从用户处获取事件结构                         return -EFAULT;                 input_inject_event(&evdev->handle, event.type, event.code, event.value); //往底层发送事件                 retval += evdev_event_size();         }         return retval; } /** * input_inject_event() - send input event from input handler * @handle: input handle to send event through * @type: type of the event * @code: event code * @value: value of the event * * Similar to input_event() but will ignore event if device is "grabbed" and handle * injecting event is not the one that owns the device. */ void input_inject_event(struct input_handle *handle, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value) {         if (!handle->dev->grab || handle->dev->grab == handle)                 input_event(handle->dev, type, code, value); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_inject_event); /* * input_event() - report new input event * @dev: device that generated the event * @type: type of the event * @code: event code * @value: value of the event * * This function should be used by drivers implementing various input devices * See also input_inject_event() */ void input_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value) {     struct input_handle *handle;     if (type > EV_MAX || !test_bit(type, dev->evbit)) //首先判断该事件类型是否有效且为该设备所接受         return;     add_input_randomness(type, code, value);     switch (type) {         case EV_SYN:             switch (code) {                 case SYN_CONFIG:                     if (dev->event)                         dev->event(dev, type, code, value);                     break;                 case SYN_REPORT:                     if (dev->sync)                         return;                     dev->sync = 1;                     break;             }             break; .............................................................         case EV_LED:             if (code > LED_MAX || !test_bit(code, dev->ledbit) || !!test_bit(code, dev->led) == value)                 return;             change_bit(code, dev->led);             if (dev->event)                 dev->event(dev, type, code, value);             break;     if (type != EV_SYN)         dev->sync = 0;     if (dev->grab)         dev->grab->handler->event(dev->grab, type, code, value);     else         /*         * 循环调用所有处理该设备的handle(event,mouse,ts,joy等),         * 如果有进程打开了这些handle(进行读写),则调用其对应的event接口向气汇报该输入事件.         */         list_for_each_entry(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node)             if (handle->open)                 handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_event); 注:     鉴于简单的gpio_keys驱动中没有注册自己的event接口,当然也没有对于LED灯的处理,而event层只是简单的向上层汇报输入事件(event层也不可能帮你处理你的led设备,对吧),所以这个通过输入子系统控制LED的部分暂时不去研究.     (输出设备LED灯不属于这个输入设备gpio_key的一部分.当然,如果你想通过这个gpio_keys设备来控制led灯的话,可以修改这个gpio_keys驱动,详细可参考driver/input/keyboard目录下的驱动)