opencv学习九

这一节core模块的随机数发生器及绘制文字,先看看opencv官网中的函数介绍:

一、随机数产生器

在OpenCV中,我们主要使用RNG类(即Random Number Generator)来产生随机数。
RNG rng(); // 默认以0xffffffff作为随机数产生器的种子
我们也可以以系统的当前时间作为随机数产生器的种子。这也是常用的手段。
#include <time.h>
RNG rng( (unsigned int)time(NULL) );
另外,我们可以产生一定范围内的均匀分布或者高斯分布(均值为零)的随机数
 rng.uniform(0, 10); // 产生[0, 10)的均匀分布的整型随机数
 rng.gaussian(sigma); // 参数sigma为高斯分布的标准差,则随机数在(-sigma, sigma)、(-2*sigma, 2*sigma)、(-3*sigma, 3*sigma)的概率分别为0.6826、0.9544、0.9974。
 其实uniform方法的实现机制很简单:
inline int RNG::uniform(int a, int b) { return a == b ? a : (int)(next()%(b - a) + a); } // 其中next()返回一个随机数
二、绘制文字
 主要有两个方法putText和getTextSize。
void putText(Mat& img, const string& text, Point org, int fontFace, double fontScale, Scalar color, int thickness=1, int lineType=8, bool bottomLeftOrigin=false)
这个函数在图像中绘制文字。
text表示传入的文字。
org表示文字的左上角/左下角的坐标,取决于最后一个参数。
fonFace表示字体,从数字0到7,然后16,分别代表9种字体,详细见文档。
fontScale表示文字的大小,文字基准大小乘以fontScale,就是文字的最终尺寸。
bottomLeftOrigin为false的时候,以参数org为文字的左上角。true的时候,以参数org为文字的左下角。
Size getTextSize(const string& text, int fontFace, double fontScale, int thickness, int* baseLine)
这个函数返回文字在图像中所占的尺寸,即width和height。

函数向baseline写入文字底部最低处的y坐标。

具体代码:

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace cv;

/// Global Variables
const int NUMBER = 100;
const int DELAY = 5;

const int window_width = 900;
const int window_height = 600;
int x_1 = -window_width / 2;
int x_2 = window_width * 3 / 2;
int y_1 = -window_height / 2;
int y_2 = window_height * 3 / 2;

/// Function headers
static Scalar randomColor(RNG& rng);
int Drawing_Random_Lines(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);//画线
int Drawing_Random_Rectangles(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);//画矩形
int Drawing_Random_Ellipses(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);//画一些弧线
int Drawing_Random_Polylines(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);// 画一些折线
int Drawing_Random_Filled_Polygons(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);// 画被填充的多边形
int Drawing_Random_Circles(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);// 画圆
int Displaying_Random_Text(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);// 在随机的地方绘制文字
int Displaying_Big_End(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng);//显示最后结果


/**
* @function main
*/
int main(void)
{
	int c;
	char window_name[] = "Drawing_2 Tutorial";
	//实例化一个 Random Number Generator(随机数发生器对象)(RNG) 
	RNG rng(0xFFFFFFFF);
	//初始化一个 0 矩阵(代表一个全黑的图像), 并且指定它的宽度,高度,和像素格式
	Mat image = Mat::zeros(window_height, window_width, CV_8UC3);
	/// Show it in a window during DELAY ms
	imshow(window_name, image);
	waitKey(DELAY);
	//画线
	c = Drawing_Random_Lines(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;
	// 画一些矩阵
	c = Drawing_Random_Rectangles(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;
	// 画一些弧线
	c = Drawing_Random_Ellipses(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;
	// 画一些折线
	c = Drawing_Random_Polylines(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;
	// 画被填充的多边形
	c = Drawing_Random_Filled_Polygons(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;
	// 画圆
	c = Drawing_Random_Circles(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;
	// 在随机的地方绘制文字
	c = Displaying_Random_Text(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;
	// Displaying the big end!
	c = Displaying_Big_End(image, window_name, rng);
	if (c != 0) return 0;

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}
static Scalar randomColor(RNG& rng)
{
	int icolor = (unsigned)rng;
	return Scalar(icolor & 255, (icolor >> 8) & 255, (icolor >> 16) & 255);
}
int Drawing_Random_Lines(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng)
{
	Point pt1, pt2;

	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)
	{
		pt1.x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt1.y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt2.x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt2.y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);

		line(image, pt1, pt2, randomColor(rng), rng.uniform(1, 10), 8);
		imshow(window_name, image);
		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
int Drawing_Random_Rectangles(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng)
{
	Point pt1, pt2;
	int lineType = 8;
	int thickness = rng.uniform(-3, 10);
	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)
	{
		pt1.x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt1.y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt2.x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt2.y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);

		rectangle(image, pt1, pt2, randomColor(rng), MAX(thickness, -1), lineType);

		imshow(window_name, image);
		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}
int Drawing_Random_Ellipses(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng)
{
	int lineType = 8;
	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)
	{
		Point center;
		center.x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		center.y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);

		Size axes;
		axes.width = rng.uniform(0, 200);
		axes.height = rng.uniform(0, 200);

		double angle = rng.uniform(0, 180);

		ellipse(image, center, axes, angle, angle - 100, angle + 200,
			randomColor(rng), rng.uniform(-1, 9), lineType);

		imshow(window_name, image);

		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
int Drawing_Random_Polylines(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng)
{
	int lineType = 8;

	for (int i = 0; i< NUMBER; i++)
	{
		Point pt[2][3];
		pt[0][0].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[0][0].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[0][1].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[0][1].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[0][2].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[0][2].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[1][0].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[1][0].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[1][1].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[1][1].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[1][2].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[1][2].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);

		const Point* ppt[2] = { pt[0], pt[1] };
		int npt[] = { 3, 3 };

		polylines(image, ppt, npt, 2, true, randomColor(rng), rng.uniform(1, 10), lineType);

		imshow(window_name, image);
		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
int Drawing_Random_Filled_Polygons(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng)
{
	int lineType = 8;

	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)
	{
		Point pt[2][3];
		pt[0][0].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[0][0].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[0][1].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[0][1].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[0][2].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[0][2].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[1][0].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[1][0].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[1][1].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[1][1].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);
		pt[1][2].x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		pt[1][2].y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);

		const Point* ppt[2] = { pt[0], pt[1] };
		int npt[] = { 3, 3 };

		fillPoly(image, ppt, npt, 2, randomColor(rng), lineType);

		imshow(window_name, image);
		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
int Drawing_Random_Circles(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng)
{
	int lineType = 8;
	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)
	{
		Point center;
		center.x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		center.y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);

		circle(image, center, rng.uniform(0, 300), randomColor(rng),
			rng.uniform(-1, 9), lineType);
		imshow(window_name, image);
		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
int Displaying_Random_Text(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG rng)
{
	int lineType = 8;

	for (int i = 1; i < NUMBER; i++)
	{
		Point org;
		org.x = rng.uniform(x_1, x_2);
		org.y = rng.uniform(y_1, y_2);

		putText(image, "Testing text rendering", org, rng.uniform(0, 8),
			rng.uniform(0, 100)*0.05 + 0.1, randomColor(rng), rng.uniform(1, 10), lineType);

		imshow(window_name, image);
		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
int Displaying_Big_End(Mat image, char* window_name, RNG)
{
	Size textsize = getTextSize("OpenCV forever!", FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 3, 5, 0);
	Point org((window_width - textsize.width) / 2, (window_height - textsize.height) / 2);
	int lineType = 8;
	Mat image2;
	for (int i = 0; i < 255; i += 2)
	{
		image2 = image - Scalar::all(i);
		putText(image2, "OpenCV forever!", org, FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 3,
			Scalar(i, i, 255), 5, lineType);

		imshow(window_name, image2);
		if (waitKey(DELAY) >= 0)
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}


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