采用正规方程方法和梯度下降方法对波士顿房价进行预测
正规方程和梯度下降对比:
梯度下降 | 正规方程 |
需要选择学习率 | 不需要选择学习率 |
需要大量迭代 | 一次运行就可得出 |
特征数量较大时使用 | 需要计算方程,时间复杂度高 |
流程:
- 获取数据
- 数据集划分
- 标椎化
- 预估器流程
- 模型评估
代码如下:
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression,SGDRegressor
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
def linear1():
"""
正规方程的优化方法对波士顿房价进行预测
:return:
"""
#1.获取数据
boston = load_boston()
print("特征数量:\n",boston.data.shape)
#2.划分数据集
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(boston.data,boston.target,random_state=22)
#3.特征工程:标准化
transfer = StandardScaler()
x_train = transfer.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = transfer.transform(x_test)
#4.预估器流程
estimator = LinearRegression()
estimator.fit(x_train,y_train)
#5.得出模型
print("正规方程-权重系数为:\n",estimator.coef_)
print("正规方程-偏置为:\n",estimator.intercept_)
#6.模型评估
y_predict = estimator.predict(x_test)
print("预测房价:\n",y_predict)
error = mean_squared_error(y_test,y_predict)
print("正规方程均方误差为:\n",error)
return None
def linear2():
"""
梯度下降的优化方法对波士顿房价进行预测
:return:
"""
#1.获取数据
boston = load_boston()
#2.划分数据集
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(boston.data,boston.target,random_state=22)
#3.特征工程:标准化
transfer = StandardScaler()
x_train = transfer.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = transfer.transform(x_test)
#4.预估器流程
#梯度下降发可通过调参来降低降低均方误差,此处非最佳参数
estimator = SGDRegressor(learning_rate="constant",eta0=0.001,max_iter=10000)
estimator.fit(x_train,y_train)
#5.得出模型
print("梯度下降-权重系数为:\n",estimator.coef_)
print("梯度下降-偏置为:\n",estimator.intercept_)
#6.模型评估
y_predict = estimator.predict(x_test)
print("预测房价:\n", y_predict)
error = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_predict)
print("梯度下降均方误差为:\n", error)
return None
if __name__ =="__main__":
#正规方程的优化方法对波士顿房价进行预测
linear1()
#梯度下降的优化方法对波士顿房价进行预测
linear2()
运行截图: