谓词(NSPredicate)的使用

NSPredicate是获取和筛选数据的重要类，系统的集合类(NSArray, NSDictionary, NSSet等)和Coredata都提供了重要的API供开发者去使用，非常方便和实用。话不多说，直接上例子。

定义一个作者类

@interface Author : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;         //名称
    NSInteger level;        //等级
    NSInteger bookNumber;   //出版的数目
}

- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)aName level:(NSInteger)aLevel bookNumber:(int)aBookNumber;

@end<pre name="code" class="objc">@implementation Author

- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)aName level:(NSInteger)aLevel bookNumber:(int)aBookNumber
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        name = aName;
        level = aLevel;
        bookNumber = aBookNumber;
    }
    return self;
}
@end

定义一个书类：

@interface Book : NSObject
{
    Author *author;         //作者
    NSString *name;         //书名
    CGFloat price;          //价格
}

- (instancetype)initWithAuthorName:(NSString *)aName authorLevel:(NSInteger)aLevel authorBookNumber:(int)aBookNumber bookName:(NSString *)bName bookPrice:(CGFloat)bPrice;

@end<pre name="code" class="objc">@implementation Book

- (instancetype)initWithAuthorName:(NSString *)aName authorLevel:(NSInteger)aLevel authorBookNumber:(int)aBookNumber bookName:(NSString *)bName bookPrice:(CGFloat)bPrice {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        author = [[Author alloc] initWithName:aName level:aLevel bookNumber:aBookNumber];
        name = bName;
        price = bPrice;
    }
    return self;
}

    //初始化数据
    Book *bookOne = [[Book alloc] initWithAuthorName:@"张三" authorLevel:1 authorBookNumber:100 bookName:@"iOS开发" bookPrice:89];
    Book *bookTwo = [[Book alloc] initWithAuthorName:@"李四" authorLevel:1 authorBookNumber:95 bookName:@"Android开发" bookPrice:79];
    Book *bookThree = [[Book alloc] initWithAuthorName:@"王五" authorLevel:2 authorBookNumber:82 bookName:@"java开发" bookPrice:69];
    Book *bookFour = [[Book alloc] initWithAuthorName:@"赵六" authorLevel:3 authorBookNumber:70 bookName:@"PHP开发" bookPrice:59];
    Book *bookFive = [[Book alloc] initWithAuthorName:@"麻子" authorLevel:4 authorBookNumber:55 bookName:@"HTML开发" bookPrice:49];
    NSArray *_authorArray = @[bookOne,bookTwo,bookThree,bookFour,bookFive];

    //基本格式
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K = %@",@"author.name",@"张三"]; //bookOne

    //1.== 或者 ＝  (还能转换数据格式)
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K = %@",@"author.bookNumber", @100]; //bookOne
    //2. >＝
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"author.level >= 2"]; //bookThree,bookFour,bookFive
    //3. <＝
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"price <= 50"];
    //4. >
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"author.bookNumber > 90"];//bookOne,bookTwo
    //5. <
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"author.level < 2"];//bookOne,bookTwo
    //6. != 或者 <>
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"price <> 69"];//bookOne,bookTwo,bookFour,bookFive
    //7.BETWEEN 包含两端的数字,顺序没有影响
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"price BETWEEN {100,89}"];

    //8.&&
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K = %d && %K > %d",@"author.level",1,@"author.bookNumber",95]; //bookOne
    //9.||
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K = %d || %K > %d",@"author.level",1,@"author.bookNumber",80]; //bookOne,bookTwo,bookThree
    //10.!
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"!(author.level = 1)"]; //bookThree,bookFour,bookFive

    //11.BEGINSWITH
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K BEGINSWITH %@",@"name",@"iOS"];//bookOne
    //12.ENDSWITH
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K ENDSWITH %@",@"author.name",@"子"]; //bookFive
    //13.CONTAINS
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name CONTAINS '开发'"]; //bookOne,bookTwo,bookThree,bookFour,bookFive
    //14.LIKE
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name LIKE 'i*发'"]; //bookOne

    //15.ANY SOME
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ALL name CONTAINS '开发'"];
    //16. IN
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"author.name IN {'张三','李四'}"];//bookOne,bookTwo

筛选:

[bookArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]

单个的对象也可以用NSPredicate进行筛选

例如筛选一个NSString是否是一个网页:

-(BOOL)isUrlString
{
    BOOL checkResult = !self.isEmptyString;
    if (checkResult) {
        NSString *urlRegex = @"((http|HTTP|ftp|FTP)?://)?[0-9a-zA-Z/.-_]+(:[0-9]{1,4})?[0-9a-zA-Z/.-_]*";
        NSPredicate *urlTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", urlRegex];
        if (![urlTest evaluateWithObject:self]) {
            checkResult = NO;
        }
    }
    return checkResult;
}