Robot Motion POJ - 1573

A robot has been programmed to follow the instructions in its path. Instructions for the next direction the robot is to move are laid down in a grid. The possible instructions are 

N north (up the page) 
S south (down the page) 
E east (to the right on the page) 
W west (to the left on the page) 

For example, suppose the robot starts on the north (top) side of Grid 1 and starts south (down). The path the robot follows is shown. The robot goes through 10 instructions in the grid before leaving the grid. 

Compare what happens in Grid 2: the robot goes through 3 instructions only once, and then starts a loop through 8 instructions, and never exits. 

You are to write a program that determines how long it takes a robot to get out of the grid or how the robot loops around. 

Input

There will be one or more grids for robots to navigate. The data for each is in the following form. On the first line are three integers separated by blanks: the number of rows in the grid, the number of columns in the grid, and the number of the column in which the robot enters from the north. The possible entry columns are numbered starting with one at the left. Then come the rows of the direction instructions. Each grid will have at least one and at most 10 rows and columns of instructions. The lines of instructions contain only the characters N, S, E, or W with no blanks. The end of input is indicated by a row containing 0 0 0.

Output

For each grid in the input there is one line of output. Either the robot follows a certain number of instructions and exits the grid on any one the four sides or else the robot follows the instructions on a certain number of locations once, and then the instructions on some number of locations repeatedly. The sample input below corresponds to the two grids above and illustrates the two forms of output. The word "step" is always immediately followed by "(s)" whether or not the number before it is 1.

Sample Input

3 6 5
NEESWE
WWWESS
SNWWWW
4 5 1
SESWE
EESNW
NWEEN
EWSEN
0 0 0

Sample Output

10 step(s) to exit
3 step(s) before a loop of 8 step(s)

题意：3行6列，从第1行第5列开始 ，N向下，S向上，W向左，E向右，能走出去，输出：步数 step(s) to exit

形成死循环，输出：到达循环起点所需步数 step(s) before a loop of 循环大小 step(s)

wa点：

1.字符数组输入，要除去回车（用getchar（））。注意，本题（大多数题）要先除去数字输入行的空格，所有要在行输入前除去回车，而不是之后。

2.重新回到起点，算可以出去，不算循环。

AC代码：

# include <iostream>
# include <cstdio>
# include <cstring>
# include <cmath>
using namespace std; 


char a[110][110];
int mis[110][110];
int x,y,n,stop,c;


void dfs (int x1,int y1)
{
if ((mis[x1][y1]!=0)||(x1==1&&y1==n&&c))
{
printf("%d step(s) before a loop of %d step(s)\n",mis[x1][y1],stop-mis[x1][y1]);
return ;
}
c=1;
mis[x1][y1]=stop;
stop++;
int x2,y2;
if (a[x1][y1]=='N') {x2=x1-1; y2=y1;}
if (a[x1][y1]=='S') {x2=x1+1; y2=y1;}
if (a[x1][y1]=='W') {x2=x1; y2=y1-1;}
if (a[x1][y1]=='E') {x2=x1; y2=y1+1;}
if ((x2&&y2)&&(x2<=x)&&(y2<=y)) dfs(x2,y2);
else 
{
printf ("%d step(s) to exit\n",stop);
return ;
}
}
    
 int main ()
{
// freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
while ((cin >> x >> y >> n)&&(x||y||n))
{
memset (a,0,sizeof(a));
memset (mis,0,sizeof(mis));
c=0;
for (int i=1;i<=x;i++)
{
getchar();
for (int j=1;j<=y;j++)
{
scanf("%c",&a[i][j]); 
}
}
stop=0;
dfs(1,n);
}
return 0;
}