Python iterator and generator

目录

1. manually consuming an iterator

2. delegationg iteration

3.  creating new iteration patterns with generators

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1. manually consuming an iterator

解决问题： 不使用loop来处理iterable里items

方法： 使用next()方法 + catch the StopIteration exception

with open('sourcefile.txt') as f: 
    # 使用loop：
    for line in f.readlines():
            print(line, end='') 

    # 不使用loop
    try:
        while True: 
            line = next(f) 
            print(line, end='') 
    except StopIteration: 
        pass

通常使用StopIteration来捕捉iteration的结束

但是， 如果是像上面那样手动调用next(), 则可以让next()返回一个terminating value, 如None

with open('sourcefile.txt') as f: 
    while True: 
        line = next(f, None) 
        if line is None: 
            break 
        print(line, end='')

2. delegationg iteration

解决问题： you have built a custom container object that internally holds a list, tuple, or some other iterable. You would like to make iteration work with your new container 

方法：定义一个 __iter__() method that delegates iteration to the internally held container

class Node:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self._value = value
        self._children = []

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Node({!r})'.format(self._value)

    def add_child(self, node):
        self._children.append(node)

    #forwards the iteration request to the internally held _children attribute
    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self._children)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Node(0)
    child1 = Node(1)
    child2 = Node(2)
    root.add_child(child1)
    root.add_child(child2)
    for ch in root:
        print(ch)

3.  creating new iteration patterns with generators

解决问题： You want to implement a custom iteration pattern that’s different than the usual builtin functions (e.g., range(), reversed(), etc.).

方法：使用generator function

def frange(start, stop, increment):
    x = start
    while x < stop:
        yield x
        x += increment

for n in frange(0, 4, 0.5):
    print(n)

print(list(frange(0, 1, 0.125)))

yield: turn a function into a generator

和普通函数不同的是， generator function only runs in response to “next” operations carried out in iteration. However, the for statement that’s usually used to iterate takes care of these details, so you don’t normally need to worry about them.