Linux驱动regulator

Regulator驱动

        regulator是Linux系统中电源管理的基础设施之一，用于稳压电源的管理，是各种驱动子系统中设置电压的标准接口。regulator可以管理系统中的供电单元，即稳压器（Low Dropout Regulator， LDO，即低压差线性稳压器），并提供获取和设置这些供电单元电压的接口。一般在ARM电路板上，各个稳压器会形成一个Regulator树型结构。

regulator_desc结构体是对这个稳压器属性和操作的封装：

/**
 * struct regulator_desc - Static regulator descriptor
 *
 * Each regulator registered with the core is described with a
 * structure of this type and a struct regulator_config.  This
 * structure contains the non-varying parts of the regulator
 * description.
 *
 * @name: Identifying name for the regulator.
 * @supply_name: Identifying the regulator supply
 * @id: Numerical identifier for the regulator.
 * @ops: Regulator operations table.
 * @irq: Interrupt number for the regulator.
 * @type: Indicates if the regulator is a voltage or current regulator.
 * @owner: Module providing the regulator, used for refcounting.
 *
 * @continuous_voltage_range: Indicates if the regulator can set any
 *                            voltage within constrains range.
 * @n_voltages: Number of selectors available for ops.list_voltage().
 *
 * @min_uV: Voltage given by the lowest selector (if linear mapping)
 * @uV_step: Voltage increase with each selector (if linear mapping)
 * @linear_min_sel: Minimal selector for starting linear mapping
 * @ramp_delay: Time to settle down after voltage change (unit: uV/us)
 * @volt_table: Voltage mapping table (if table based mapping)
 *
 * @vsel_reg: Register for selector when using regulator_regmap_X_voltage_
 * @vsel_mask: Mask for register bitfield used for selector
 * @apply_reg: Register for initiate voltage change on the output when
 *                using regulator_set_voltage_sel_regmap
 * @apply_bit: Register bitfield used for initiate voltage change on the
 *                output when using regulator_set_voltage_sel_regmap
 * @enable_reg: Register for control when using regmap enable/disable ops
 * @enable_mask: Mask for control when using regmap enable/disable ops
 * @enable_is_inverted: A flag to indicate set enable_mask bits to disable
 *                      when using regulator_enable_regmap and friends APIs.
 * @bypass_reg: Register for control when using regmap set_bypass
 * @bypass_mask: Mask for control when using regmap set_bypass
 *
 * @enable_time: Time taken for initial enable of regulator (in uS).
 */
struct regulator_desc {
	const char *name;                    /* regulator的名字 */
	const char *supply_name;             /* regulator supply的名字 */
	int id;
	bool continuous_voltage_range;
	unsigned n_voltages;
	struct regulator_ops *ops;
	int irq;
	enum regulator_type type;            /* regulator的类型，电压还是电流regulator */
	struct module *owner;

	unsigned int min_uV;                 /* 在线性映射情况下最低的Selector的电压 */
	unsigned int uV_step;                /* 在线性映射情况下每步增加/减小的电压 */
	unsigned int linear_min_sel;
	unsigned int ramp_delay;             /* 电压改变后稳定下来所需要的时间 */

	const unsigned int *volt_table;      /* 基于表映射情况下的电压映射表 */

	unsigned int vsel_reg;
	unsigned int vsel_mask;
	unsigned int apply_reg;
	unsigned int apply_bit;
	unsigned int enable_reg;
	unsigned int enable_mask;
	bool enable_is_inverted;
	unsigned int bypass_reg;
	unsigned int bypass_mask;

	unsigned int enable_time;
};

regulator_ops是对这个稳压器硬件操作的封装，其中包含获取、设置电压等的成员函数：

/**
 * struct regulator_ops - regulator operations.
 *
 * @enable: Configure the regulator as enabled.
 * @disable: Configure the regulator as disabled.
 * @is_enabled: Return 1 if the regulator is enabled, 0 if not.
 *		May also return negative errno.
 *
 * @set_voltage: Set the voltage for the regulator within the range specified.
 *               The driver should select the voltage closest to min_uV.
 * @set_voltage_sel: Set the voltage for the regulator using the specified
 *                   selector.
 * @map_voltage: Convert a voltage into a selector
 * @get_voltage: Return the currently configured voltage for the regulator.
 * @get_voltage_sel: Return the currently configured voltage selector for the
 *                   regulator.
 * @list_voltage: Return one of the supported voltages, in microvolts; zero
 *	if the selector indicates a voltage that is unusable on this system;
 *	or negative errno.  Selectors range from zero to one less than
 *	regulator_desc.n_voltages.  Voltages may be reported in any order.
 *
 * @set_current_limit: Configure a limit for a current-limited regulator.
 *                     The driver should select the current closest to max_uA.
 * @get_current_limit: Get the configured limit for a current-limited regulator.
 *
 * @set_mode: Set the configured operating mode for the regulator.
 * @get_mode: Get the configured operating mode for the regulator.
 * @get_status: Return actual (not as-configured) status of regulator, as a
 *	REGULATOR_STATUS value (or negative errno)
 * @get_optimum_mode: Get the most efficient operating mode for the regulator
 *                    when running with the specified parameters.
 *
 * @set_bypass: Set the regulator in bypass mode.
 * @get_bypass: Get the regulator bypass mode state.
 *
 * @enable_time: Time taken for the regulator voltage output voltage to
 *               stabilise after being enabled, in microseconds.
 * @set_ramp_delay: Set the ramp delay for the regulator. The driver should
 *		select ramp delay equal to or less than(closest) ramp_delay.
 * @set_voltage_time_sel: Time taken for the regulator voltage output voltage
 *               to stabilise after being set to a new value, in microseconds.
 *               The function provides the from and to voltage selector, the
 *               function should return the worst case.
 *
 * @set_suspend_voltage: Set the voltage for the regulator when the system
 *                       is suspended.
 * @set_suspend_enable: Mark the regulator as enabled when the system is
 *                      suspended.
 * @set_suspend_disable: Mark the regulator as disabled when the system is
 *                       suspended.
 * @set_suspend_mode: Set the operating mode for the regulator when the
 *                    system is suspended.
 *
 * This struct describes regulator operations which can be implemented by
 * regulator chip drivers.
 */
struct regulator_ops {

	/* enumerate supported voltages */
	int (*list_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned selector);

	/* get/set regulator voltage */
	int (*set_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, int min_uV, int max_uV,
			    unsigned *selector);
	int (*map_voltage)(struct regulator_dev *, int min_uV, int max_uV);
	int (*set_voltage_sel) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned selector);
	int (*get_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *);
	int (*get_voltage_sel) (struct regulator_dev *);

	/* get/set regulator current  */
	int (*set_current_limit) (struct regulator_dev *,
				 int min_uA, int max_uA);
	int (*get_current_limit) (struct regulator_dev *);

	/* enable/disable regulator */
	int (*enable) (struct regulator_dev *);
	int (*disable) (struct regulator_dev *);
	int (*is_enabled) (struct regulator_dev *);

	/* get/set regulator operating mode (defined in consumer.h) */
	int (*set_mode) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned int mode);
	unsigned int (*get_mode) (struct regulator_dev *);

	/* Time taken to enable or set voltage on the regulator */
	int (*enable_time) (struct regulator_dev *);
	int (*set_ramp_delay) (struct regulator_dev *, int ramp_delay);
	int (*set_voltage_time_sel) (struct regulator_dev *,
				     unsigned int old_selector,
				     unsigned int new_selector);

	/* report regulator status ... most other accessors report
	 * control inputs, this reports results of combining inputs
	 * from Linux (and other sources) with the actual load.
	 * returns REGULATOR_STATUS_* or negative errno.
	 */
	int (*get_status)(struct regulator_dev *);

	/* get most efficient regulator operating mode for load */
	unsigned int (*get_optimum_mode) (struct regulator_dev *, int input_uV,
					  int output_uV, int load_uA);

	/* control and report on bypass mode */
	int (*set_bypass)(struct regulator_dev *dev, bool enable);
	int (*get_bypass)(struct regulator_dev *dev, bool *enable);

	/* the operations below are for configuration of regulator state when
	 * its parent PMIC enters a global STANDBY/HIBERNATE state */

	/* set regulator suspend voltage */
	int (*set_suspend_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, int uV);

	/* enable/disable regulator in suspend state */
	int (*set_suspend_enable) (struct regulator_dev *);
	int (*set_suspend_disable) (struct regulator_dev *);

	/* set regulator suspend operating mode (defined in consumer.h) */
	int (*set_suspend_mode) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned int mode);
};

regulator_config结构体，包含regulator的pdata的一些描述：

/**
 * struct regulator_config - Dynamic regulator descriptor
 *
 * Each regulator registered with the core is described with a
 * structure of this type and a struct regulator_desc.  This structure
 * contains the runtime variable parts of the regulator description.
 *
 * @dev: struct device for the regulator
 * @init_data: platform provided init data, passed through by driver
 * @driver_data: private regulator data
 * @of_node: OpenFirmware node to parse for device tree bindings (may be
 *           NULL).
 * @regmap: regmap to use for core regmap helpers if dev_get_regulator() is
 *          insufficient.
 * @ena_gpio: GPIO controlling regulator enable.
 * @ena_gpio_invert: Sense for GPIO enable control.
 * @ena_gpio_flags: Flags to use when calling gpio_request_one()
 */
struct regulator_config {
	struct device *dev;
	const struct regulator_init_data *init_data;
	void *driver_data;
	struct device_node *of_node;
	struct regmap *regmap;

	int ena_gpio;
	unsigned int ena_gpio_invert:1;
	unsigned int ena_gpio_flags;
};

regulator_dev结构体，每个电压或电流reulator的设备实例：

/*
 * struct regulator_dev
 *
 * Voltage / Current regulator class device. One for each
 * regulator.
 *
 * This should *not* be used directly by anything except the regulator
 * core and notification injection (which should take the mutex and do
 * no other direct access).
 */
struct regulator_dev {
	const struct regulator_desc *desc;
	int exclusive;
	u32 use_count;
	u32 open_count;
	u32 bypass_count;

	/* lists we belong to */
	struct list_head list; /* list of all regulators */

	/* lists we own */
	struct list_head consumer_list; /* consumers we supply */

	struct blocking_notifier_head notifier;
	struct mutex mutex; /* consumer lock */
	struct module *owner;
	struct device dev;
	struct regulation_constraints *constraints;
	struct regulator *supply;	/* for tree */
	struct regmap *regmap;

	struct delayed_work disable_work;
	int deferred_disables;

	void *reg_data;		/* regulator_dev data */

	struct dentry *debugfs;

	struct regulator_enable_gpio *ena_pin;
	unsigned int ena_gpio_state:1;
};

regulator_dev注册与注销的方法：

struct regulator_dev *
regulator_register(const struct regulator_desc *regulator_desc,
		   const struct regulator_config *config);
void regulator_unregister(struct regulator_dev *rdev);

regulator结构体，每个Comsumer获取得到的实例：

/*
 * struct regulator
 *
 * One for each consumer device.
 */
struct regulator {
	struct device *dev;
	struct list_head list;
	unsigned int always_on:1;
	unsigned int bypass:1;
	int uA_load;
	int min_uV;
	int max_uV;
	char *supply_name;
	struct device_attribute dev_attr;
	struct regulator_dev *rdev;
	struct dentry *debugfs;
};

Linux的regulator子系统提供消费者（Consumer）API以便让其他的驱动获取、设置、关闭和使能稳压器：

struct regulator *regulator_get(struct device *dev, const char *id);
struct regulator *devm_regulator_get(struct device *dev, const char *id);
struct regulator *regulator_get_exclusive(struct device *dev, const char *id); /* 获得regulator并独占此id的regulator_dev */

void regulator_put(struct regulator *regulator);
void devm_regulator_put(struct regulator *regulator);

int regulator_enable(struct regulator *regulator);
int regulator_disable(struct regulator *regulator);

int regulator_set_voltage(struct regulator *regulator, int min_uV, int max_uV);
int regulator_get_voltage(struct regulator *regulator);

这些消费者API的地位大致与GPIO子系统的gpio_request()、时钟子系统的clk_get()、dmaengine子系统的dmaengine_submit()等相当，属于基础设施。