我个人的keepalived-1.4.2实践:安装与测试(★firecat推荐★)

一、下载安装

http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.4.2.tar.gz

1、操作系统:CentOS 7.4,先确保安装了openssl,安装方法:

 yum -y install openssl-devel

没有OpenSSL的话,configure会报错:

 !!! OpenSSL is not properly installed on your system. !!!

  !!! Can not include OpenSSL headers files. 

2、解压编译

tar -zxf keepalived-1.4.2.tar.gz

chmod -R 777 keepalived-1.4.2

cd keepalived-1.4.2
./configure #默认安装
make
make install

会在以下路径生成:

/usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived

/usr/local/sbin/keepalived

然后我们需要手动做以下事情:

1、mkdir /etc/keepalived #新建文件夹

再把/usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf拷贝到/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf,

cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

内容修改为:

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email { #指定Keepalived在发生事情的时候,发送邮件通知,每行一个地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc #指定发件人
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1 #发送email的smtp地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 #超时时间
   router_id lb01 #运行Keepalived的机器标识号,主从机必须不同
   ##vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr #注释掉vrrp_strict相关是为了解决虚拟ip,ping不通的问题
   ##vrrp_strict
   ##vrrp_garp_interval 0
   ##vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33 #物理网卡名称,主节点和备节点需要相同
    virtual_router_id 100 #唯一的id,主从机必须相同
    priority 150 #优先级,主节点大于备节点,建议至少相差50
    advert_int 1 #通信检查间隔时间1s
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.6.200 #虚拟ip,会绑定在ens33网卡
    }
}


注意:配置keepalived后发现虚拟ip ping不通的解决办法,vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。把vrrp_strict相关的语句注释就可以了。


2、在路径/etc/init.d/下新建keepalived.sh脚本,内容如下,重点关注exec和sysconfig的路径要对的上:

#!/bin/sh 
# 
# keepalived   High Availability monitor built upon LVS and VRRP 
# 
# chkconfig:   - 86 14 
# description: Robust keepalive facility to the Linux Virtual Server project \ 
#              with multilayer TCP/IP stack checks. 
   
### BEGIN INIT INFO 
# Provides: keepalived 
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $syslog 
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $syslog 
# Should-Start: smtpdaemon httpd 
# Should-Stop: smtpdaemon httpd 
# Default-Start:  
# Default-Stop: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 
# Short-Description: High Availability monitor built upon LVS and VRRP 
# Description:       Robust keepalive facility to the Linux Virtual Server 
#                    project with multilayer TCP/IP stack checks. 
### END INIT INFO 
   
# Source function library. 
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 

exec="/usr/local/sbin/keepalived"
prog="keepalived"
config="/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"
   
[ -e /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/$prog ] &&  /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/$prog 

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/keepalived 

start() { 
    [ -x $exec ] || exit 5 
    [ -e $config ] || exit 6 
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: " 
    daemon $exec $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS
    retval=$? 
    echo 
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile 
    return $retval 
} 
   
stop() { 
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " 
    killproc $prog 
    retval=$? 
    echo 
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile 
    return $retval 
} 
   
restart() { 
    stop 
    start 
} 
   
reload() { 
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " 
    killproc $prog -1 
    retval=$? 
    echo 
    return $retval 
} 
   
force_reload() { 
    restart 
} 
   
rh_status() { 
    status $prog 
} 
   
rh_status_q() { 
    rh_status &>/dev/null 
} 
   
   
case "$1" in 
    start) 
        rh_status_q && exit 0 
        $1 
        ;; 
    stop) 
        rh_status_q || exit 0 
        $1 
        ;; 
    restart) 
        $1 
        ;; 
    reload) 
        rh_status_q || exit 7 
        $1 
        ;; 
    force-reload) 
        force_reload 
        ;; 
    status) 
        rh_status 
        ;; 
    condrestart|try-restart) 
        rh_status_q || exit 0 
        restart 
        ;; 
    *) 
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}" 
        exit 2 
esac 
exit $?

二、运行测试

1、获得权限

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/keepalived

chmod a+x /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived

chmod a+x /usr/local/sbin/keepalived

2、启动

/etc/init.d/keepalived start

或者 service keepalived start

启动后,可以通过以下命令来查看是否安装正确,启动后有3个keepalive进程表示正确:

[root@localhost init.d]# ps -ef|grep keep|grep -v grep
root      20163      1  0 10:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
root      20164  20163  0 10:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
root      20165  20163  0 10:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D

[root@localhost ~]# ip add|grep 172.16
    inet 172.16.6.161/24 brd 172.16.6.255 scope global ens33
    inet 172.16.6.200/32 scope global ens33


ifconfig只能查看物理网卡,ip addr或者ip a才能看见虚拟ip,172.16.6.161是真实ip,172.16.6.200是虚拟ip

[root@localhost init.d]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b9:7b:31 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.6.161/24 brd 172.16.6.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 172.16.6.200/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::2176:1363:975e:6c17/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3、停止

/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
或者 service keepalived stop


4、通过终端命令来查看虚拟ip是否生效存在:

正确状态下,主机会生效,命令有返回查询结果;备机不生效,命令无查询结果。

主机异常时,备机才生效。

也就是说,正常两个主机启动keepalived的时候,应该是master 绑定了虚拟ip。通过命令 ip a 和ip add|grep 172.16.6.200,只有在master机器上能看到绑定的虚拟ip,而backup上是看不到的。

[root@localhost ~]# ip add|grep 172.16.6.200
    inet 172.16.6.200/32 scope global ens33


5、本人的实测环境是:在一台电脑开了2个CentOS 7虚拟机,ip分别是

主服务器A:172.16.6.161

备服务器B:172.16.6.135

防火墙处于关闭状态,我通过service keepalived stop命令来测试主备的变化。

按照以上的配置信息,我现在遇到的问题:两个keepalived启动的时候,通过命令ip a和ip add|grep 172.16.6.200, 都能看到绑定了虚拟ip,相当于两台都是master,那怎么办呢?

出现这问题的场景是在服务器网络环境中,因为路由交换层禁用了ARP的广播限制,造成KEEPALIVE主备协议无法通过广播的方式进行通信,造成主备两台服务器都强占HAVIP地址,出现同时两台服务器都有VIP地址的情况出现,必须通过配置来指定IP的两台服务器间进行通讯。也就是说主备vvrp直接无法通信的原因,改成单播就ok了:

主机配置keepalived.conf如下,重点关注unicast_src_ip和unicast_peer字段。

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email { #指定Keepalived在发生事情的时候,发送邮件通知,每行一个地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc #指定发件人
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1 #发送email的smtp地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 #超时时间
   router_id lb01 #运行Keepalived的机器标识号,主从机必须不同
   ##vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr #注释掉vrrp_strict相关是为了解决虚拟ip,ping不通的问题
   ##vrrp_strict
   ##vrrp_garp_interval 0
   ##vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33 #物理网卡名称,主节点和备节点需要相同
    virtual_router_id 100 #唯一的id,主从机必须相同
    priority 150 #优先级,主节点大于备节点,建议至少相差50
    unicast_src_ip  172.16.6.161 #本地IP地址
    unicast_peer {
                  172.16.6.135 #对端IP地址,此地址一定不能忘记
                       }
    advert_int 1 #通信检查间隔时间1s
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.6.200 #虚拟ip,会绑定在ens33网卡
    }
}

备机配置keepalived.conf如下,重点关注unicast_src_ip和unicast_peer字段。

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email { #指定Keepalived在发生事情的时候,发送邮件通知,每行一个地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc #指定发件人
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1 #发送email的smtp地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 #超时时间
   router_id lb02 #运行Keepalived的机器标识号,主从机必须不同
   ##vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr #注释掉vrrp_strict相关是为了解决虚拟ip,ping不通的问题
   ##vrrp_strict
   ##vrrp_garp_interval 0
   ##vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33 #物理网卡名称,主节点和备节点需要相同
    virtual_router_id 100 #唯一的id,主从机必须相同
    priority 100 #优先级,主节点大于备节点,建议至少相差50
    unicast_src_ip  172.16.6.135 #本地IP地址
    unicast_peer {
                  172.16.6.161 #对端IP地址,此地址一定不能忘记
                       }
    advert_int 1 #通信检查间隔时间1s
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.6.200 #虚拟ip,会绑定在ens33网卡
    }
}


6、如果开启firewall防火墙,则记得要放行VRRP默认的多播地址224.0.0.18,centos7下面改firewall防火墙命令如下:

firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 --in-interface ens33 --destination 224.0.0.18 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT 

firewall-cmd --reload


本文提及的配置文件下载地址:https://download.csdn.net/download/libaineu2004/10286645


----

参考文章:《跟老男孩学Linux运维:Web集群实战》第12章

http://bbs.chinaunix.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=4174822  keepalived主备模式同时都有VIP问题

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值