- List item
本文采用pytorch进行天气预报预测，掌握神经网络模型训练的基本步骤
前言
提示：本文通过采集部分天气预报数据，采用神经网络对相关数据进行预测分析，通过模型训练，掌握采用pytorh框架进行网络训练
提示：完整源代码可以私信我
预测思路分析
步骤：
（1）功能函数导入
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torch
import torch.optim as optim
import datetime
（2）数据预处理
采集部分地区某段实际的天气情况，进行整理汇总，保存为.csv格式，然后导入数据，数据形式如下：
data=pd.read_csv('temp.csv')
print(data.head())#默认的显示前5行
year month day week temp_2 temp_1 average actual random
0 2021 1 1 Fri 45 45 45.6 45 29
1 2021 1 2 Sat 44 45 45.7 44 61
2 2021 1 3 Sun 45 44 45.8 41 56
3 2021 1 4 Mon 44 41 45.9 40 53
4 2021 1 5 Tues 41 40 46.0 44 41
数据表中
year,moth,day,week分别表示的具体的时间
temp_2：前天的最高温度值
temp_1：昨天的最高温度值
average：在历史中，每年这一天的平均最高温度值
actual：这就是我们的标签值了，当天的真实最高温度
random：随机数据。
将数据进行整理，分别得到年、月、日等常规形式：
datas=[str(int(year))+'-'+str(int(month))+'-'+str(int(day)) for year,month ,day in zip(yaers,months,days)]
print(datas)
datas=[datetime.datetime.strptime(date,'%Y-%m-%d') for date in datas]
print(datas)
显示结果：
['2021-1-1', '2021-1-2', '2021-1-3', '2021-1-4', '2021-1-5', '2021-1-6', '2021-1-7', '2021-1-8', '2021-1-9', '2021-1-10', '2021-1-11', '2021-1-12', '2021-1-13', '2021-1-14', '2021-1-15', '2021-1-16', '2021-1-17', '2021-1-18', '2021-1-19', '2021-1-20', '2021-1-21', '2021-1-22', '2021-1-23', '2021-1-24', '2021-1-25', '2021-1-26', '2021-1-27', '2021-1-28', '2021-1-29', '2021-1-30', '2021-1-31', '2021-2-1', '2021-2-2', '2021-2-3', '2021-2-4', '2021-2-5', '2021-2-6', '2021-2-7', '2021-2-8', '2021-2-9', '2021-2-10', '2021-2-11', '2021-2-12', '2021-2-15', '2021-2-16', '2021-2-17', '2021-2-18', '2021-2-19', '2021-2-20', '2021-2-21', '2021-2-22', '2021-2-23', '2021-2-24', '2021-2-25', '2021-2-26', '2021-2-27', '2021-2-28', '2021-3-1', '2021-3-2', '2021-3-3', '2021-3-4', '2021-3-5', '2021-3-6', '2021-3-7', '2021-3-8', '2021-3-9', '2021-3-10', '2021-3-11', '2021-3-12', '2021-3-13', '2021-3-14', '2021-3-15', '2021-3-16', '2021-3-17', '2021-3-18', '2021-3-19', '2021-3-20', '2021-3-21', '2021-3-22', '2021-3-23', '2021-3-24', '2021-3-25', '2021-3-26', '2021-3-27', '2021-3-28', '2021-3-29', '2021-3-30', '2021-3-31', '2021-4-1', '2021-4-2', '2021-4-3', '2021-4-4', '2021-4-5', '2021-4-6', '2021-4-7', '2021-4-8', '2021-4-9', '2021-4-10', '2021-4-11', '2021-4-12', '2021-4-13', '2021-4-14', '2021-4-15', '2021-4-16', '2021-4-17', '2021-4-18', '2021-4-19', '2021-4-20', '2021-4-21', '2021-4-22', '2021-4-23', '2021-4-24', '2021-4-25', '2021-4-26', '2021-4-27', '2021-4-28', '2021-4-29', '2021-4-30', '2021-5-1', '2021-5-2', '2021-5-3', '2021-5-4', '2021-5-5', '2021-5-6', '2021-5-7', '2021-5-8', '2021-5-9', '2021-5-10', '2021-5-11', '2021-5-12', '2021-5-13', '2021-5-14', '2021-5-15', '2021-5-16', '2021-5-17', '2021-5-18', '2021-5-19', '2021-5-20', '2021-5-21', '2021-5-22', '2021-5-23', '2021-5-24', '2021-5-25', '2021-5-26', '2021-5-27', '2021-5-28', '2021-5-29', '2021-5-30', '2021-5-31', '2021-6-1', '2021-6-2', '2021-6-3', '2021-6-4', '2021-6-5', '2021-6-6', '2021-6-7', '2021-6-8', '2021-6-9', '2021-6-10', '2021-6-11', '2021-6-12', '2021-6-13', '2021-6-14', '2021-6-15', '2021-6-16', '2021-6-17', '2021-6-18', '2021-6-19', '2021-6-20', '2021-6-21', '2021-6-22', '2021-6-23', '2021-6-24', '2021-6-25', '2021-6-26', '2021-6-27', '2021-6-28', '2021-6-29', '2021-6-30', '2021-7-1', '2021-7-2', '2021-7-3', '2021-7-4', '2021-7-5', '2021-7-6', '2021-7-7', '2021-7-8', '2021-7-9', '2021-7-10', '2021-7-11', '2021-7-12', '2021-7-13', '2021-7-14', '2021-7-15', '2021-7-16', '2021-7-17', '2021-7-18', '2021-7-19', '2021-7-20', '2021-7-21', '2021-7-22', '2021-7-23', '2021-7-24', '2021-7-25', '2021-7-26', '2021-7-27', '2021-7-28', '2021-7-29', '2021-7-30', '2021-7-31', '2021-8-1', '2021-8-2', '2021-8-3', '2021-8-4', '2021-8-5', '2021-8-6', '2021-8-7', '2021-8-8', '2021-8-9', '2021-8-10', '2021-8-11', '2021-8-12', '2021-8-13', '2021-8-14', '2021-8-15', '2021-8-16', '2021-8-23', '2021-8-28', '2021-8-30', '2021-9-3', '2021-9-4', '2021-9-5', '2021-9-6', '2021-9-7', '2021-9-8', '2021-9-9', '2021-9-10', '2021-9-11', '2021-9-12', '2021-9-13', '2021-9-14', '2021-9-15', '2021-9-16', '2021-9-17', '2021-9-18', '2021-9-19', '2021-9-20', '2021-9-21', '2021-9-22', '2021-9-23', '2021-9-24', '2021-9-25', '2021-9-26', '2021-9-27', '2021-9-28', '2021-9-29', '2021-9-30', '2021-10-1', '2021-10-2', '2021-10-3', '2021-10-4', '2021-10-5', '2021-10-6', '2021-10-7', '2021-10-8', '2021-10-9', '2021-10-10', '2021-10-11', '2021-10-12', '2021-10-13', '2021-10-14', '2021-10-15', '2021-10-16', '2021-10-17', '2021-10-18', '2021-10-19', '2021-10-20', '2021-10-21', '2021-10-22', '2021-10-23', '2021-10-24', '2021-10-25', '2021-10-26', '2021-10-27', '2021-10-28', '2021-10-29', '2021-10-31', '2021-11-1', '2021-11-2', '2021-11-3', '2021-11-4', '2021-11-5', '2021-11-6', '2021-11-7', '2021-11-8', '2021-11-9', '2021-11-10', '2021-11-11', '2021-11-12', '2021-11-13', '2021-11-14', '2021-11-15', '2021-11-16', '2021-11-17', '2021-11-18', '2021-11-19', '2021-11-20', '2021-11-21', '2021-11-22', '2021-11-23', '2021-11-24', '2021-11-25', '2021-11-26', '2021-11-27', '2021-11-28', '2021-11-29', '2021-11-30', '2021-12-1', '2021-12-2', '2021-12-3', '2021-12-4', '2021-12-5', '2021-12-6', '2021-12-7', '2021-12-8', '2021-12-9', '2021-12-10', '2021-12-11', '2021-12-12', '2021-12-13', '2021-12-14', '2021-12-15', '2021-12-16', '2021-12-17', '2021-12-18', '2021-12-19', '2021-12-20', '2021-12-21', '2021-12-22', '2021-12-23', '2021-12-24', '2021-12-25', '2021-12-26', '2021-12-27', '2021-12-28', '2021-12-29', '2021-12-30', '2021-12-31', '2021-12-31', '2021-12-31']
[datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 2, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 3, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 4, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 5, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 6, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 7, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 8, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 9, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 10, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 11, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 12, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 13, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 14, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 15, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 16, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 24, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 25, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 26, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 27, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 28, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 29, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 30, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 31, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 2, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 3, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 4, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 5, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 6, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 7, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 8, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 9, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 10, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 11, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 12, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 15, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 16, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 17, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 23, 0, 0), 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datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 5, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 6, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 7, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 8, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 9, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 10, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 11, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 12, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 13, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 14, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 15, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 16, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 17, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 23, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 24, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 25, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 26, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 27, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 28, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 29, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 31, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 2, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 3, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 4, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 5, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 6, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 7, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 8, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 9, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 10, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 11, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 12, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 13, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 14, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 15, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 16, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 17, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 23, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 24, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 25, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 26, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 27, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 28, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 29, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 30, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 2, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 3, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 4, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 5, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 6, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 7, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 8, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 9, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 10, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 11, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 12, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 13, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 14, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 15, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 16, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 17, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 23, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 24, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 25, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 26, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 27, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 28, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 29, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 30, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 31, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 31, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 31, 0, 0)]
将上述数据以表格图形式呈现，方便观测对比，顺便复习matplotlib相关知识。
#采用pyplot将数据用表格形式呈现，便于观测
#设置布局为2行，2列，每个框大小为10*10
fig,((x1,x2),(x3,x4))=plt.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=2,figsize=(10,10))
#表格标签设置
plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')
#显示整个400多个真实值actual
x1.plot(datas,data['actual'])
x1.set_xlabel('')
x1.set_ylabel('Temp')
x1.set_title('Max Tem')
#显示整个400多个真实值temp_1
x2.plot(datas,data['temp_1'])
x2.set_xlabel('')
x2.set_ylabel('Temp')
x2.set_title('temp1 Max Tem')
#显示整个400多个真实值temp_2
x3.plot(datas,data['temp_2'])
x3.set_xlabel('')
x3.set_ylabel('Temp')
x3.set_title('temp2 Max Tem')
#显示整个400多个真实值random
x4.plot(datas,data['random'])
x4.set_xlabel('')
x4.set_ylabel('Temp')
x4.set_title('random Max Tem')
plt.show()
#取出标签，作为标签。
labels=np.array(data['actual'])
print(labels)
print('ooooooooo')
#去掉标签
data=data.drop('actual',axis=1)
print(data)
print('xxxxxxxx')
data_list=list(data.columns)
print(data_list)
data=np.array(data)
print(data)
显示结果：
[45 44 41 40 44 51 45 48 50 52 45 49 55 49 48 54 50 54 48 52 52 57 48 51
54 56 57 56 52 48 47 46 51 49 49 53 49 51 57 62 56 55 58 55 56 57 53 51
53 51 51 60 59 61 60 57 53 58 55 59 57 64 60 53 54 55 56 55 52 54 49 51
53 58 63 61 55 56 57 53 54 57 59 51 56 64 68 73 71 63 69 60 57 68 77 76
66 59 58 60 59 59 60 68 77 89 81 81 73 64 65 55 59 60 61 64 61 68 77 87
74 60 68 77 82 63 67 75 81 77 82 65 57 60 71 64 63 66 59 66 65 66 66 65
64 64 64 71 79 75 71 80 81 92 86 85 67 65 67 65 70 66 60 67 71 67 65 70
76 73 75 68 69 71 78 85 79 74 73 76 76 71 68 69 76 68 74 71 74 74 77 75
77 76 72 80 73 78 82 81 71 75 80 85 79 83 85 88 76 73 77 73 75 80 79 72
72 73 72 76 80 87 90 83 84 81 79 75 70 67 68 68 68 67 72 74 77 70 74 75
79 71 75 68 69 71 67 68 67 64 67 76 77 69 68 66 67 63 65 61 63 66 63 64
68 57 60 62 66 60 60 62 60 60 61 58 62 59 62 62 61 65 58 60 65 68 59 57
57 65 65 58 61 63 71 65 64 63 59 55 57 55 50 52 55 57 55 54 54 49 52 52
53 48 52 52 52 46 50 49 46 40 42 40 41 36 44 44 43 40 39 39 35 35 39 46
51 49 45 40 41 42 42 47 48 48 57 40 40 40]
ooooooooo
year month day week temp_2 temp_1 average random
0 2021 1 1 Fri 45 45 45.6 29
1 2021 1 2 Sat 44 45 45.7 61
2 2021 1 3 Sun 45 44 45.8 56
3 2021 1 4 Mon 44 41 45.9 53
4 2021 1 5 Tues 41 40 46.0 41
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
345 2021 12 29 Thurs 47 48 45.3 65
346 2021 12 30 Fri 48 48 45.4 42
347 2021 12 31 Sat 48 57 45.5 57
348 2021 12 31 Sat 48 57 45.5 57
349 2021 12 31 Sat 48 57 45.5 57
[350 rows x 8 columns]
xxxxxxxx
['year', 'month', 'day', 'week', 'temp_2', 'temp_1', 'average', 'random']
[[2021 1 1 ... 45 45.6 29]
[2021 1 2 ... 45 45.7 61]
[2021 1 3 ... 44 45.8 56]
...
[2021 12 31 ... 57 45.5 57]
[2021 12 31 ... 57 45.5 57]
[2021 12 31 ... 57 45.5 57]]
（3）模型建立、损失函数、迭代训练及显示
3.1 常规模型建立
#独热编码
print('xxxxxxx')
data=pd.get_dummies(data)
print(data.head())
print('xxxxxxxx')
#取出标签，作为标签。
labels=np.array(data['actual'])
#去掉标签
data=data.drop('actual',axis=1)
print(data)
data_list=list(data.columns)
data=np.array(data)
print(data.shape)
#模型建立
from sklearn import preprocessing
input_data=preprocessing.StandardScaler().fit_transform(data)
x=torch.tensor(input_data,dtype=float)
y=torch.tensor(labels,dtype=float)
#权重参数初始化
weigh=torch.randn((14,128),dtype=float,requires_grad=True)
bias=torch.randn(128,dtype=float,requires_grad=True)
#初始化权重参数
weighs=torch.randn((128,1),dtype=float,requires_grad=True)
biass=torch.randn(1,dtype=float,requires_grad=True)
learning_rate=0.001
losses=[]
for i in range(100):
#隐藏层
hidden=x.mm(weigh)+bias
#加入激活函数
hidden=torch.relu(hidden)
#预测结果
predictions=hidden.mm(weighs)+biass
#计算损失
loss=torch.mean((predictions-y)**2)
losses.append(loss.data.numpy())
#显示结果
if i%10==0:
print('loss:',loss)
#反向传播
loss.backward()
#跟新参数
weigh.data.add_(-learning_rate*weigh.grad.data)
bias.data.add_(-learning_rate*bias.grad.data)
weighs.data.add_(-learning_rate*weighs.grad.data)
biass.data.add_(-learning_rate*biass.grad.data)
#每次迭代记得清零
weigh.grad.data.zero_()
bias.grad.data.zero_()
weighs.grad.data.zero_()
biass.grad.data.zero_()
print(predictions.shape)
xxxxxxx
year month day temp_2 ... week_Sun week_Thurs week_Tues week_Wed
0 2021 1 1 45 ... 0 0 0 0
1 2021 1 2 44 ... 0 0 0 0
2 2021 1 3 45 ... 1 0 0 0
3 2021 1 4 44 ... 0 0 0 0
4 2021 1 5 41 ... 0 0 1 0
[5 rows x 15 columns]
xxxxxxxx
year month day temp_2 ... week_Sun week_Thurs week_Tues week_Wed
0 2021 1 1 45 ... 0 0 0 0
1 2021 1 2 44 ... 0 0 0 0
2 2021 1 3 45 ... 1 0 0 0
3 2021 1 4 44 ... 0 0 0 0
4 2021 1 5 41 ... 0 0 1 0
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
345 2021 12 29 47 ... 0 1 0 0
346 2021 12 30 48 ... 0 0 0 0
347 2021 12 31 48 ... 0 0 0 0
348 2021 12 31 48 ... 0 0 0 0
349 2021 12 31 48 ... 0 0 0 0
[350 rows x 14 columns]
(350, 14)
loss: tensor(2109.5258, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(692.9397, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(469.2138, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(381.2370, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(332.9759, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(302.4142, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(281.3954, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(266.1516, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(254.6720, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
loss: tensor(245.7872, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=<MeanBackward0>)
torch.Size([350, 1])
3.2 采用pytorch自带模块进行建模、迭代训练
'''
pytorch 搭建神经网络模型-预测天气预报
author:leecj2015
time:2021-09-02
'''
#one-step :Import remaining functions
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torch
import torch.optim as optim
import datetime
#second-step: load model(import data)
data=pd.read_csv('temp.csv')
yaers=data['year']
months=data['month']
days=data['day']
'''
ip() 函数用于将可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个元组，然后返回由这些元组组成的列表。
如果各个迭代器的元素个数不一致，则返回列表长度与最短的对象相同，利用 * 号操作符，可以将元组解压为列表。
zip([iterable, ...])
eg:
>>>a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = [4,5,6]
>>> c = [4,5,6,7,8]
>>> zipped = zip(a,b) # 打包为元组的列表
[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
>>> zip(a,c) # 元素个数与最短的列表一致
[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
>>> zip(*zipped) # 与 zip 相反，*zipped 可理解为解压，返回二维矩阵式
[(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]
'''
datas=[str(int(year))+'-'+str(int(month))+'-'+str(int(day)) for year,month ,day in zip(yaers,months,days)]
datas=[datetime.datetime.strptime(date,'%Y-%m-%d') for date in datas]
#采用pyplot将数据用表格形式呈现，便于观测
#设置布局为2行，2列，每个框大小为10*10
fig,((x1,x2),(x3,x4))=plt.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=2,figsize=(10,10))
plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')
#显示整个400多个真实值actual
x1.plot(datas,data['actual'])
x1.set_xlabel('')
x1.set_ylabel('Temp')
x1.set_title('Max Tem')
#显示整个400多个真实值temp_1
x2.plot(datas,data['temp_1'])
x2.set_xlabel('')
x2.set_ylabel('Temp')
x2.set_title('temp1 Max Tem')
#显示整个400多个真实值temp_2
x3.plot(datas,data['temp_2'])
x3.set_xlabel('')
x3.set_ylabel('Temp')
x3.set_title('temp2 Max Tem')
#显示整个400多个真实值random
x4.plot(datas,data['random'])
x4.set_xlabel('')
x4.set_ylabel('Temp')
x4.set_title('random Max Tem')
plt.show()
#独热编码
data=pd.get_dummies(data)
#取出标签，作为标签。
labels=np.array(data['actual'])
#去掉标签
data=data.drop('actual',axis=1)
data_list=list(data.columns)
data=np.array(data)
#模型建立
from sklearn import preprocessing
input_data=preprocessing.StandardScaler().fit_transform(data)
input_size=input_data.shape[1]
hidden_size=128
output_size=1
batch_size=16
my_nn=torch.nn.Sequential(
torch.nn.Linear(input_size,hidden_size),
torch.nn.Sigmoid(),
torch.nn.Linear(hidden_size,output_size),
)
cost=torch.nn.MSELoss(reduction='mean')
optimizer=torch.optim.Adam(my_nn.parameters(),lr=0.001)
#训练网络
losses=[]
for i in range(100):
batch_loss=[]
for s in range(0,len(input_data),batch_size):
end=s+batch_size if s+batch_size<len(input_data) else len(input_data)
x=torch.tensor(input_data[s:end],dtype=torch.float,requires_grad=True)
y=torch.tensor(labels[s:end],dtype=torch.float,requires_grad=True)
predictions=my_nn(x)
loss=cost(predictions,y)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward(retain_graph=True)
optimizer.step()
batch_loss.append(loss.data.numpy())
if i%10==0:
losses.append(batch_loss)
print(i,np.mean(batch_loss))
#预测训练结果
x=torch.tensor(input_data,dtype=torch.float)
predict=my_nn(x).data.numpy()
print(predict)
#转化日期
datas=[str(int(year))+'-'+str(int(month))+'-'+str(int(day)) for year ,month,day in zip(yaers,months,days)]
datas=[datetime.datetime.strptime(data,'%Y-%m-%d')for data in datas]
#创建一个表格来保存日期和其对应的标签数值
tab_data=pd.DataFrame(data={'data':datas,'actual':labels})
print(tab_data.head(5))
years=data[:,data_list.index('year')]
months=data[:,data_list.index('month')]
days=data[:,data_list.index('day')]
test_dates = [str(int(year)) + '-' + str(int(month)) + '-' + str(int(day)) for year, month, day in zip(years, months, days)]
test_dates = [datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d') for date in test_dates]
predictions_data=pd.DataFrame(data={'data':test_dates,'predictions':predict.reshape(-1)})
#真实值
plt.plot(tab_data['data'],tab_data['actual'],'b-',label='actual')
#预测值
plt.plot(predictions_data['data'],predictions_data['predictions'],'ro',label='predict')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Data')
plt.ylabel('Maximum Tem')
plt.title("Actual and Predicted")
plt.show()
示例：pandas 是基于NumPy 的一种工具，该工具是为了解决数据分析任务而创建的。
总结
提示：采用pytorch进行2021年天气气温预测，熟悉神经网络模型基本训练。
完整源代码可以私信我
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