22. sed

sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text

SYNOPSIS

sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...

DESCRIPTION

Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline).

# sed -n '/net/'p passwd

systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

# sed -n '/NET/'p passwd

# sed -n '/NET/'pI passwd

sed：-e 表达式 #1，字符 7：命令后含有多余的字符

# sed -n '/NET/'Ip passwd

systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

-n, --quiet, --silent

suppress automatic printing of pattern space

# sed p passwd | wc

70

# sed p passwd -n | wc

35

# sed '/root/' p passwd -n

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

# sed '/r.t/'p passwd -n

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

# sed '/r*t/'p passwd -n | head -3

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

-e script, --expression=script

add the script to the commands to be executed

# sed -e 1p -n -e 2p passwd

o

oo

-i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]

edit files in place (makes backup if SUFFIX supplied)

# wc passwd

35 passwd

# sed -i '1,10'd passwd

# wc passwd

25 passwd

-r, --regexp-extended（egrep）

use extended regular expressions in the script.

# sed '/o\+t/'p passwd -n

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

# sed '/o+t/'p passwd -nr

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

# sed '/o{2}/'p passwd -nr

oo

ooo

oooo

# sed '/root|bus/'p passwd -nr

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

number

Match only the specified line number

(which increments cumulatively across files, unless the -s option is specified on the command line).

.

# sed 3p passwd -n

ooo

# sed '3,5'p passwd -n

ooo

oooo

oox

$ Match the last line

# sed '33,$'p passwd -n

user5:x:1007:1007::/home/user5:/bin/bash

user6:x:1008:1010::/home/user6:/bin/bash

user7:x:1009:1009::/home/user7:/bin/bash

# wc -l passwd

35 passwd

# sed '1,$'p passwd -n | wc -l

35

# sed -n ''p passwd | wc

35

# sed p passwd -n | wc -l

35

s/regexp/replacement/

Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space.

If successful, replace that portion matched with replacement.

The replacement may contain the special character & to refer to that portion of the

pattern space which matched,

and the special escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the corresponding matching

sub-expressions in the regexp.

# wc -l passwd

35 passwd

# sed s/net/NET/g passwd | wc

35

# sed s/net/NET/g passwd | grep -i net

systemd-NETwork:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

# grep -i net passwd

systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

# sed s/net/NET/g passwd -i

# grep -i net passwd

systemd-NETwork:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

# sed -r 's/([^:]+):(.*):(.*)/\3:\2:\1/g' passwd | head -5

/bin/bash:x:0:0:root:/root:root

/sbin/nologin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:bin

/sbin/NOLOGIN:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:daemon

/sbin/nologin:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:adm

/sbin/nologin:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:lp

# sed -r 's/(.*)/aaa:&/g' passwd |head -5

aaa:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

aaa:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

aaa:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/NOLOGIN

aaa:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

aaa:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

# sed -r 's/^/aaa:/g' passwd |head -5

aaa:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

aaa:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

aaa:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/NOLOGIN

aaa:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

aaa:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

# sed 's/^.*$/123&/' passwd | head -5

123root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

123bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

123daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/NOLOGIN

123adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

123lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

# sed 's/^/123/' passwd | head -5

123root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

123bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

123daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/NOLOGIN

123adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

123lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin