约瑟夫 (Joseph) -- ACM PKU 1012 解题报告

问题描述：The Joseph's problem is notoriously known. For those who are not familiar with the original problem: from among n people, numbered 1, 2, . . ., n, standing in circle every mth is going to be executed and only the life of the last remaining person will be saved. Joseph was smart enough to choose the position of the last remaining person, thus saving his life to give us the message about the incident. For example when n = 6 and m = 5 then the people will be executed in the order 5, 4, 6, 2, 3 and 1 will be saved.
Suppose that there are k good guys and k bad guys. In the circle the first k are good guys and the last k bad guys. You have to determine such minimal m that all the bad guys will be executed before the first good guy.

参见 http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1012

我的总体思路是，对从每个 m=k+1, k+2, ... ，计算出前 k 个被杀的人，如果他们的编号都比 k 大，则表示所有所有坏人都被杀掉了，从而找到了最小的 m。

用 rest 表示还有多个人活着&#