之前我们浅析了Spring的IoC和AOP的源代码,今天我们开始一起学习Spring WEB端MVC框架-----Spring MVC
首先我们先搭建一个最简单的Spring MVC的Hello World的DEMO
新建maven项目:
然后我们配置一下web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/jsp"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<display-name>Spring mvc</display-name>
<!-- spring mvc基于servlet 核心servlet为DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--初始化参数:配置文件为spring-servlet.xml -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
web.xml我们配置了spring的核心servlet DispatcherServlet这个servlet的url-pattern默认拦截所有的请求,大家都知道这样配置的意思是说所有的URL都会交给DispatcherServlet处理,关于DispatcherServlet的配置文件我们配置的是项目根路径下的spring-servlet.xml:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 基于注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 默认spring的扫描包, 此处指定处理扫描org.study.lyncc.web.controller包下的类有@Controller注解的-->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.study.lyncc.web.controller" >
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 静态资源的处理 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/WEB-INF/fonts/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/WEB-INF/resources/"/>
<!--视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
spring2.5版本后已经支持基于注解的驱动模型,而不是去继承Controller,<mvc:annotation-driven/>这个简单的配置spring可以通过spring的命名空间的解析去扫描类似@RequestMapping这样的注解,关于视图解析器下面写到具体的controller再说,我们看看具体的HelloWorldController
package org.study.lyncc.web.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/hello")
public class HelloWorldController {
/**
* 返回一个ModelAndView
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/world")
public ModelAndView index(){
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//模型对象
modelAndView.addObject("helloStr", "Hello World,Hello Spring MVC");
//视图名称
modelAndView.setViewName("hello");
return modelAndView;
}
}
当在浏览器中URL是localhost:8080/spring-mvc/hello/world的时候,根据@RequestMapping注解中的路径标识,就会映射到HelloWorldController的index方法,而index方法中定义了一个经典的ModelAndView对象,看其名,就知道是模型视图对象,addObject方法可以将你处理好的对象传递到前台,view对象则定义了你跳转到哪个页面,前面我们定义了视图解析器,此时我们返回“hello”,视图解析器定义view对象的前缀是“WEB-INF/jsp”,后缀是“jsp”,那么组合起来的结果就是“WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp”,说明该方法跳转的页面就是WEB-INF文件夹下jsp的文件夹下的hello.jsp
好了,我们就在对应的地方新建hello.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
${helloStr}
</body>
</html>
好了,我们将其加入到tomcat中启动,在浏览器中http://localhost:8080/spring-mvc/hello/world,页面如下: