子类从基类中继承下来了什么？

What is inherited from the base class?

子类从基类中继承下来了什么？

In principle, a derived class inherits every member of a base class except:

原则上讲，子类继承了父类中所有的成员，除了以下：

• its constructor and its destructor 
• 构造器和析构器
• its operator=() members
• 赋值运算符重载函数
• its friends
• 友元

Although the constructors and destructors of the base class are not inherited themselves, its default constructor (i.e., its constructor with no parameters) and its destructor are always called when a new object of a derived class is created or destroyed.
尽管基类的构造器和析构器本身不能被继承，但是它默认构造器（比如无参的）和析构器总是被调用，当派生类对象被创建和销毁时。
If the base class has no default constructor or you want that an overloaded constructor is called when a new derived object is created, you can specify it in each constructor definition of the derived class:
如果基类没有默认的构造器，或是派生类被创建时你想调用基类重载的构造器，你可以定义派生类构造器时指定父类的构造器，如下：
derived_constructor_name (parameters) : base_constructor_name (parameters) {...}

For example: 

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// constructors and derived classes #include <iostream> using namespace std; class mother { public: mother () { cout << "mother: no parameters\n"; } mother (int a) { cout << "mother: int parameter\n"; } }; class daughter : public mother { public: daughter (int a) { cout << "daughter: int parameter\n\n"; } }; class son : public mother { public: son (int a) : mother (a) { cout << "son: int parameter\n\n"; } }; int main () { daughter cynthia (0); son daniel(0); return 0; }

mother: no parameters daughter: int parameter mother: int parameter son: int parameter

Notice the difference between which  mother 's constructor is called when a new  daughter  object is created and which when it is a  son  object. The difference is because the constructor declaration of  daughter  and  son :

注意当一个女儿或是儿子对象创建时，母亲的构造器被调用时的不同。不同的原因是女儿和儿子的构造器声明不同。

1 2	daughter (int a) // nothing specified: call default son (int a) : mother (a) // constructor specified: call this