记录python 使用opencv 碰到的问题

linxue110

已于 2022-07-13 16:09:03 修改

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分类专栏： python opencv 文章标签： opencv python

于 2020-11-10 17:49:14 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/linxue110/article/details/109593418

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最近项目需求使用opencv处理摄像头和图片，记录一下使用当中碰到的问题。

保存图片

保存图片中文路径问题，

直接使用cv2.imwrite存储图片如果文件没有中文，正常，如果有中文会显示乱码，下面是不乱码的一种写法

#中文乱码
cv2.imwrite(filename, img)
# 没问题的写法
cv2.imencode('.png', img)[1].tofile(filename)

安装

没难度 pip install opencv-python 即可
或者在pycharm里面搜索 opencv-python安装即可
然后又装了一个pip install opencv-contrib-python库

摄像头相关

打开摄像头

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(id) id 从0 开始 0 代表计算机上面第一个摄像头有内置一般是内置如果没有内置，插上的usb摄像头就是0
如果提示打开失败，则可能是电脑的摄像头打开方式和相机不匹配，要设置成cv2.VideoCapture(i,cv2.CAP_DSHOW)就可以了，亲测win10 没问题 win7出现报错改成这样解决。
常用参数 3,4，15 摄像头分辨率和曝光时间（快门时间）
曝光时间 15 get到的如果是正值例如100 实际设置的是10ms，这个单位应该是100us
get（10）如果获取到正值是获取到的单位是us的曝光时间(某些相机)

CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC       =0, //!< Current position of the video file in milliseconds.  当前视频位置
CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES     =1, //!< 0-based index of the frame to be decoded/captured next. 从0开始下一帧索引
CAP_PROP_POS_AVI_RATIO  =2, //!< Relative position of the video file: 0=start of the film, 1=end of the film. 视频相对位置
CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH    =3, //!< Width of the frames in the video stream. 宽度
CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT   =4, //!< Height of the frames in the video stream. 高度
CAP_PROP_FPS            =5, //!< Frame rate.帧率 帧/秒
CAP_PROP_FOURCC         =6, //!< 4-character code of codec. see VideoWriter::fourcc .
CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT    =7, //!< Number of frames in the video file. 视频帧数
CAP_PROP_FORMAT         =8, //!< Format of the %Mat objects returned by VideoCapture::retrieve(). 格式
CAP_PROP_MODE           =9, //!< Backend-specific value indicating the current capture mode.
CAP_PROP_BRIGHTNESS    =10, //!< Brightness of the image (only for those cameras that support). 亮度
CAP_PROP_CONTRAST      =11, //!< Contrast of the image (only for cameras). 对比度
CAP_PROP_SATURATION    =12, //!< Saturation of the image (only for cameras).饱和度
CAP_PROP_HUE           =13, //!< Hue of the image (only for cameras). 色调
CAP_PROP_GAIN          =14, //!< Gain of the image (only for those cameras that support).
CAP_PROP_EXPOSURE      =15, //!< Exposure (only for those cameras that support). 曝光时间

曝光时间对应关系

读取一帧数据

ret,frame =cap.read() 读取一帧数据如果是视频就是读取下一帧
ret true 表示正确 flase 表示读取失败
cv2.imshow("cap", frame) cap 是窗口名称 frame 是显示的图像数据
if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xff == ord('q'): 等待100mscv2.waitKey(100) 或者输入q：条件成立如果时间设置是0 就一直等待键盘输入卡线程
cap.release() 释放摄像头资源
cv2.destroyAllWindows() 销毁创建的窗口

RGB转换

RBG 转灰度测试

转换的数据是 numpy 数组格式
cv2.color 接收到输入数组里面元素是float32类型不能是float64
源码

import cv2
import numpy as np

testlist = []
for i in range(8):
    testlist.append(([0,255][i&4>0],[0,255][i&2>0],[0,255][i&1>0]))
test=np.array([testlist]).astype(np.float32)
# b=np.array((255,0,0)).astype(np.float32)
# c=np.array((0,255,0)).astype(np.float32)

image = cv2.cvtColor(test, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)


for i in range(8):
    print(f"BGR:{test[0][i]} \t 灰度：{image[0][i]}")
print(f"B系数\t{image[0][4]/255}\nG系数\t{image[0][2]/255}\nR系数\t{image[0][1]/255}")

"""
结果
BGR:[0. 0. 0.] 	 灰度：0.0
BGR:[  0.   0. 255.] 	 灰度：76.2449951171875
BGR:[  0. 255.   0.] 	 灰度：149.68499755859375
BGR:[  0. 255. 255.] 	 灰度：225.92999267578125
BGR:[255.   0.   0.] 	 灰度：29.06999969482422
BGR:[255.   0. 255.] 	 灰度：105.31499481201172
BGR:[255. 255.   0.] 	 灰度：178.7550048828125
BGR:[255. 255. 255.] 	 灰度：255.0
B系数	0.11399999880323224
G系数	0.5869999904258578
R系数	0.2989999808517157
"""

光斑相关

im = cv2.imread("1.jpg", cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# Set up the detector with default parameters.
detector = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector()
# Detect blobs.
print(1)
keypoints = detector.detect(im)
print(2)
# Draw detected blobs as red circles.
# cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_DRAW_RICH_KEYPOINTS ensures the size of the circle corresponds to the size of blob
im_with_keypoints = cv2.drawKeypoints(im, keypoints, np.array([]), (0,0,255), cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_DRAW_RICH_KEYPOINTS)
# Show keypoints
cv2.imshow("Keypoints", im_with_keypoints)
cv2.waitKey(0)

上面代码执行直接报错异常退出Process finished with exit code -1073741819 (0xC0000005)

碰到这个问题查看一下你的cv库是不是 3版本以前的
在3版本以后，detector = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector_create()

解决办法
源码

# Standard imports
import cv2
import numpy as np
# Read image
im = cv2.imread("1.jpg", cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
params = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector_Params()
# Change thresholds 更改阈值
params.minThreshold = 10
params.maxThreshold = 250
#按颜色过滤
params.filterByColor =1
params.blobColor=255

# Create a detector with the parameters
ver = (cv2.__version__).split('.')

if int(ver[0]) < 3 :
    detector = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector(params)
else:
    detector = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector_create(params)
# detector = cv2.SimpleBlobDetector_create()
# Detect blobs.
keypoints = detector.detect(im)
print("*"*60)
for keypoint in keypoints:

    print("keypoint.angle",keypoint.angle)
    print("keypoint.class_id",keypoint.class_id)
    print("keypoint.octave",keypoint.octave)
    print("keypoint.pt",keypoint.pt)
    print("keypoint.response",keypoint.response)
    print("keypoint.size",keypoint.size)
    print("*"*60)
im_with_keypoints = cv2.drawKeypoints(im, keypoints, np.array([]), (0,0,255), cv2.DRAW_MATCHES_FLAGS_DRAW_RICH_KEYPOINTS)
# print(im_with_keypoints)
cv2.imshow("guangban",im_with_keypoints,)
cv2.waitKey(0)

结果
************************************************************
keypoint.angle -1.0
keypoint.class_id -1
keypoint.octave 0
keypoint.pt (109.7587890625, 84.21231842041016)
keypoint.response 0.0
keypoint.size 30.068204879760742
************************************************************