1 零中频采样
零中频采样过程如图所示:
假设信号为:
s = A s i n ( ω 1 t ) + B s i n ( ω 2 t ) s=A\mathrm{sin}(\omega_1t)+B\mathrm{sin}(\omega_2t) s=Asin(ω1t)+Bsin(ω2t)
为了计算简便,所有的频率中省略 2 π 2\pi 2π以及相位。
对这个信号进行零中频正交采样,得到:
I = s ⋅ sin ( ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) = A 2 [ cos ω 1 − ω 2 2 t − cos 3 ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ] + B 2 [ cos ω 1 − ω 2 2 t − cos ω 1 + 3 ω 2 2 t ] \begin{aligned} I &=s \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \\ &=\frac{A}{2}\left[\cos \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t-\cos \frac{3 \omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right]+\frac{B}{2}\left[\cos \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t-\cos \frac{\omega_{1}+3 \omega_{2}}{2} t\right] \end{aligned} I=s⋅sin(2ω1+ω2t)=2A[cos2ω1−ω2t−cos23ω1+ω2t]+2B[cos2ω1−ω2t−cos2ω1+3ω2t]
Q = s ⋅ cos ( ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) = A 2 [ sin 3 ω 1 + ω 2 2 t + sin ω 1 − ω 2 2 t ] + B 2 [ sin ω 1 + 3 ω 2 2 t − sin ω 1 − ω 2 2 t ] \begin{aligned} Q &=s \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \\ &=\frac{A}{2}\left[\sin \frac{3 \omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t+\sin \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t\right]+\frac{B}{2}\left[\sin \frac{\omega_{1}+3 \omega_{2}}{2} t-\sin \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t\right] \end{aligned} Q=s⋅cos(2ω1+ω2t)=2A[sin23ω1+ω2t+sin2ω1−ω2t]+2B[sin2ω1+3ω2t−sin2ω1−ω2t]
过低通滤波器之后,变为:
I = A 2 cos ω 1 − ω 2 2 t + B 2 cos ω 1 − ω 2 2 t = A + B 2 cos ω 1 − ω 2 2 t \begin{aligned} I &=\frac{A}{2} \cos \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t+\frac{B}{2} \cos \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t \\ &=\frac{A+B}{2} \cos \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t \end{aligned} I=2Acos2ω1−ω2t+2Bcos2ω1−ω2t=2A+Bcos2ω1−ω2t
Q = A 2 sin ω 1 − ω 2 2 t − B 2 sin ω 1 − ω 2 2 t = A − B 2 sin ω 1 − ω 2 2 t \begin{aligned} Q &=\frac{A}{2} \sin \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t-\frac{B}{2} \sin \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t \\ &=\frac{A-B}{2} \sin \frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t \end{aligned} Q=2Asin2ω1−ω2t−2Bsin2ω1−ω2t=2A−Bsin2ω1−ω2t
这样就将信号降至零中频,也就是基带。这时,信号带宽为射频带宽的一半,即 B 2 \frac{B}{2} 2B。因此,可以用 f s = B f_s=B fs=B来对信号进行采样,继而进行后续处理。
2 信号重构
零中频采样之后信号的重构过程如图所示:
以上面的零中频采样之后的信号为例。分别乘以同相和正交的频率之后,得到:
I r = I ⋅ sin ( ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) = A + B 2 cos ( ω 1 − ω 2 2 t ) sin ( ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) = A + B 4 [ sin ( ω 1 − ω 2 + ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) − sin ( ω 1 − ω 2 − ω 1 − ω 2 2 t ) ] = A + B 4 ( sin ω 1 t + sin ω 2 t ) \begin{aligned} I_r &=I\cdot\sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \\&=\frac{A+B}{2} \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \\ &=\frac{A+B}{4}\left[\sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}+\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right)-\sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}-\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t\right)\right] \\ &=\frac{A+B}{4}\left(\sin \omega_{1} t+\sin \omega_{2} t\right) \end{aligned} Ir=I⋅sin(2ω1+ω2t)=2A+Bcos(2ω1−ω2t)sin(2ω1+ω2t)=4A+B[sin(2ω1−ω2+ω1+ω2t)−sin(2ω1−ω2−ω1−ω2t)]=4A+B(sinω1t+sinω2t)
Q r = Q ⋅ cos ( ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) = A − B 2 sin ( ω 1 − ω 2 2 t ) cos ( ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) = A − B 4 [ sin ( ω 1 − ω 2 + ω 1 + ω 2 2 t ) + sin ( ω 1 − ω 2 − ω 1 − ω 2 2 t ) ] = A − B 4 ( sin ω 1 t − sin ω 2 t ) \begin{aligned} Q_r &=Q \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \\&=\frac{A-B}{2} \sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right) \\ &=\frac{A-B}{4}\left[\sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}+\omega_{1}+\omega_{2}}{2} t\right)+\sin \left(\frac{\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}-\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}}{2} t\right)\right] \\ &=\frac{A-B}{4}\left(\sin \omega_{1} t-\sin \omega_{2} t\right) \end{aligned} Qr=Q⋅cos(2ω1+ω2t)=2A−Bsin(2ω1−ω2t)cos(2ω1+ω2t)=4A−B[sin(2ω1−ω2+ω1+ω2t)+sin(2ω1−ω2−ω1−ω2t)]=4A−B(sinω1t−sinω2t)
最后两路信号相加:
s = I r + Q r = A + B 4 ( sin ω 1 t + sin ω 2 t ) + A − B 4 ( sin ω 1 t − sin ω 2 t ) = A 2 sin ω 1 t + B 2 sin ω 2 t \begin{aligned} s = I_{r}+Q_{r} &=\frac{A+B}{4}\left(\sin \omega_{1} t+\sin \omega_{2} t\right)+\frac{A-B}{4}\left(\sin \omega_{1} t-\sin \omega_{2} t\right) \\ &=\frac{A}{2} \sin \omega_{1} t+\frac{B}{2} \sin \omega_{2} t \end{aligned} s=Ir+Qr=4A+B(sinω1t+sinω2t)+4A−B(sinω1t−sinω2t)=2Asinω1t+2Bsinω2t
完全恢复了原始信号。