Android 通信录 完整示例编程详解

 第三部分 通讯录
   该例实现了浏览联系人、添加联系人、删除联系人、编辑联系人、查看联系人，当找到一个联系人后，可以呼叫或者发送消息给该联系人。
   下例体现了UI设计、数据库的综合操作、动态菜单的使用以及各种权限的注册。
   
   public class ContactColumn implements BaseColumns{//定义数据,要设计数据库，首先要确定数据都是什么内容，为了方便管理、维护和共享首先将数据中要使用的数据全部定义到
               ContactColumn类
    public ContactColumn(){
    }
    //列名
    public static final String NAME = "name";    //姓名
    public static final String MOBILENUM = "mobileNumber";//移动电话
    public static final String HOMENUM = "homeNumber"; //家庭电话
    public static final String ADDRESS = "address";  //地址
    public static final String EMAIL = "email";   //邮箱
    public static final String BLOG = "blog";    //博客
    //列 索引值
    public static final int _ID_COLUMN = 0;
    public static final int NAME_COLUMN = 1;
    public static final int MOBILENUM_COLUMN = 2;
    public static final int HOMENUM_COLUMN = 3;
    public static final int ADDRESS_COLUMN = 4;
    public static final int EMAIL_COLUMN = 5;
    public static final int BLOG_COLUMN = 6; 
    public static final String[] PROJECTION ={//查询结果
     _ID,
     NAME,
     MOBILENUM,
     HOMENUM,
     ADDRESS,
     EMAIL,
     BLOG,
    };
   }

   public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{//android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper类是一个专门用于数据库创建和版本管理的辅助类。
               此处创建了一个DBHelper类来维护和更新数据库
    public static final String DATABASE_NAME = "mycontacts.db";//数据库名
    public static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2;     //版本
    public static final String CONTACTS_TABLE = "contacts";  //表名
    //创建表
    private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
           "CREATE TABLE " + CONTACTS_TABLE +" ("     
           + ContactColumn._ID+" integer primary key autoincrement,"
           + ContactColumn.NAME+" text,"
           + ContactColumn.MOBILENUM+" text,"
           + ContactColumn.HOMENUM+" text,"
           + ContactColumn.ADDRESS+" text,"
           + ContactColumn.EMAIL+" text,"
           + ContactColumn.BLOG+" text);";
    public DBHelper(Context context){
     super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
    }
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db){
     db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
    }
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion){
     db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + CONTACTS_TABLE);
     onCreate(db);
    }
   }

   public class ContactsProvider extends ContentProvider{//ContentProvider类提供了多个应用间数据共享的方式，比如：联系人信息可以被多个应用程序访问。
                ContentProvider是一个实现了一组用于提供其他应用程序存在数据的标准方法类。
                所以此处创建此类用来对数据库的操作，如：查询、修改、添加、删除
    private static final String TAG= "ContactsProvider";
    private DBHelper dbHelper;
    private SQLiteDatabase contactsDB; 
    public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.yarin.android.provider.ContactsProvider";
    public static final String CONTACTS_TABLE = "contacts";
    public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/"+CONTACTS_TABLE);
    //下面是自定义的类型
    public static final int CONTACTS = 1;
    public static final int CONTACT_ID = 2;
    private static final UriMatcher uriMatcher; 
    static{
     uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
     uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"contacts",CONTACTS);   
     uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"contacts/#",CONTACT_ID);//单独列
    }
    public boolean onCreate(){
     dbHelper = new DBHelper(getContext());
     //执行创建数据库
     contactsDB = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
     return (contactsDB == null) ? false : true;
    }
    public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] selectionArgs){// 删除指定数据列
     int count;
     switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
      case CONTACTS:
       count = contactsDB.delete(CONTACTS_TABLE, where, selectionArgs);
       break;
      case CONTACT_ID:
       String contactID = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
       count = contactsDB.delete(CONTACTS_TABLE, ContactColumn._ID
              + "=" + contactID
              + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ? " AND (" + where + ")" : ""),
              selectionArgs);
       break;
      default:
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
     }
     getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
     return count;
    } 
    public String getType(Uri uri){// URI类型转换。我们定义了一个新的类型，因此得到URI时，就可以通过此方法转换成我们需要的类型。
            其中CONTACTS表示多行数据，CONTACT_ID表示单行数据。注意这些类型需要在AndroidManifest.xml中声明权限。
     switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
      case CONTACTS:
       return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.yarin.android.mycontacts";
      case CONTACT_ID:
       return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.yarin.android.mycontacts";
      default:
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
     }
    } 
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues initialValues){// 插入数据
     if (uriMatcher.match(uri) != CONTACTS){
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
     }
     ContentValues values;
     if (initialValues != null){
      values = new ContentValues(initialValues);
      Log.e(TAG + "insert", "initialValues is not null");
     }else{
      values = new ContentValues();
     }
     // 设置默认值
     if (values.containsKey(ContactColumn.NAME) == false){
      values.put(ContactColumn.NAME, "");
     }
     if (values.containsKey(ContactColumn.MOBILENUM) == false){
      values.put(ContactColumn.MOBILENUM, "");
     }
     if (values.containsKey(ContactColumn.HOMENUM) == false){
      values.put(ContactColumn.HOMENUM, "");
     }
     if (values.containsKey(ContactColumn.ADDRESS) == false){
      values.put(ContactColumn.ADDRESS, "");
     }
     if (values.containsKey(ContactColumn.EMAIL) == false){
      values.put(ContactColumn.EMAIL, "");
     }
     if (values.containsKey(ContactColumn.BLOG) == false){
      values.put(ContactColumn.BLOG, "");
     }
     Log.e(TAG + "insert", values.toString());
     long rowId = contactsDB.insert(CONTACTS_TABLE, null, values);
     if (rowId > 0){
      Uri noteUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(CONTENT_URI, rowId);
      getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null);
      Log.e(TAG + "insert", noteUri.toString());
      return noteUri;
     }
     throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
    } 
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder){// 对数据库的操作，查询数据
     Log.e(TAG + ":query", " in Query");
     SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
     qb.setTables(CONTACTS_TABLE);
     switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
      case CONTACT_ID:
       qb.appendWhere(ContactColumn._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
       break;
      default:
       break;
     }
     String orderBy;
     if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)){
      orderBy = ContactColumn._ID;
     }else{
      orderBy = sortOrder;
     }
     Cursor c = qb.query(contactsDB, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);
     c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
     return c;
    } 
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where, String[] selectionArgs){// 更新数据库