每天一个命令（20） cut (remove sections from each line of files)

cut remove sections from each line of files

man cut 参数说明

cut -bcdf file 
    -b 字节
    -c 字符
    -d 分割符默认是空格
    -f 取对应的值

字节字母是一个字节，汉字是3个字节

截取字节值 date | cut -b 1

1 代表截取一个
1- 截取1位置后面的
1-2 代表截取到2位置结束
-2 代表截取到2位置结束 和1-2 一样的效果

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date
Wed Jun 29 16:12:59 CST 2016

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -b 1
W

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -b 1-
Wed Jun 29 16:13:09 CST 2016

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -b -1
W

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -b -2
We

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -b 2-3 
ed

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -b -3 
Wed

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -b 3-
d Jun 29 16:13:37 CST 2016

截取字符 cut -c 1 和字节的规则一样

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -c 1
W

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -c 2
e

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -c -2
We

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -c 3-4
d 

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -c 3-5
d J

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -c 3-9
d Jun 2

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# date | cut -c 3- 
d Jun 29 16:19:30 CST 2016

截取通过分割符号截取 cut -d : -f 1 规则和上面的一样

如果不写-d 默认分割就是空格 现在是分号

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# head -n5 /etc/passwd  
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# head -n5 /etc/passwd |cut -d : -f 1
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# head -n5 /etc/passwd |cut -d : -f 1-2
root:x
bin:x
daemon:x
adm:x
lp:x

root@nginx02  /application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/extra
# head -n5 /etc/passwd |cut -d : -f 3
0
1
2
3
4