泰勒展开(在
x
0
x_0
x0处展开):
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
+
f
’
(
x
0
)
1
!
(
x
−
x
0
)
1
+
.
.
.
+
f
(
n
)
(
x
0
)
n
!
(
x
−
x
0
)
n
+
R
n
(
x
0
)
f\left( x \right) =f\left( x_0 \right) +\frac{f’\left( x_0 \right)}{1!}\left( x-x_0 \right) ^1+...+\frac{f^{\left( n \right)}\left( x_0 \right)}{n!}\left( x-x_0 \right) ^n+R_n\left( x_0 \right)
f(x)=f(x0)+1!f’(x0)(x−x0)1+...+n!f(n)(x0)(x−x0)n+Rn(x0)
求
f
(
x
)
f\left( x \right)
f(x) 在点
x
0
=
x
x_0=x
x0=x 附近的近似值:
f
(
x
0
+
△
x
)
≈
f
(
x
0
)
+
f
’
(
x
0
)
⋅
△
x
∣
△
x
∣
非
常
小
f\left( x_0+\bigtriangleup x \right) \approx f\left( x_0 \right) +f’\left( x_0 \right) \cdot \bigtriangleup x \\ |\bigtriangleup x| 非常小
f(x0+△x)≈f(x0)+f’(x0)⋅△x∣△x∣非常小
常用近似公式:
(1):
e
x
≈
(
1
+
x
)
e^x\approx \left( 1+x \right)
ex≈(1+x)
(2):
sin
x
≈
x
\sin x\approx x
sinx≈x
(3):
tan
x
≈
x
\tan x\approx x
tanx≈x
(4):
a
r
c
tan
x
≈
x
\mathrm{arc}\tan x\approx x
arctanx≈x
(5):
(
1
+
x
)
n
≈
1
+
n
x
\left( 1+x \right) ^n\approx 1+nx
(1+x)n≈1+nx
(6):
cos
x
≈
1
−
x
2
2
\cos x\approx 1-\frac{x^2}{2}
cosx≈1−2x2
(7):
ln
(
1
+
x
)
≈
x
\ln \left( 1+x \right) \approx x
ln(1+x)≈x
(8):
1
+
x
n
≈
1
+
x
n
\sqrt[n]{1+x}\approx 1+\frac{x}{n}
n1+x≈1+nx